Understanding the role of sapwood loss and reaction zone formation on radial growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees decayed by Heterobasidion annosum s.l.

Oliva, Jonàs; Camarero, J. Julio; Stenlid, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.026

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, during the early phase of host/pathogen interaction, when an antifungal polyphenol-rich host defense tissue forms at the interface between sapwood and pathogen colonized heartwood [32], part of the excess CO2 could also be derived from increased use of tree's energy reserves to build and reinforce this reaction zone. Another point worth noting is the seasonally earlier peaking of stem CO2 concentrations in the decaying trees in comparison to healthy trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Hietala

Dörsch

Kvaalen

et al. 2015

Forests

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Globally, billions of tons of carbon sequestered in trees are annually recycled back to the atmosphere through wood decomposition by microbes. In Norway, every fifth Norway spruce shows at final harvest infection by pathogenic white-rot fungi in the genera Heterobasidion and Armillaria. As these fungi can mineralize all components of wood, we predicted that they have a significant carbon footprint. Gas samples taken from infected stems were analyzed for CO2 and CH4 concentrations, and wood samples from different parts of the decay columns were incubated under hypoxic (4% O2) and anoxic laboratory conditions. In spring and summer the stem concentrations of CO2 were generally two times higher in trees with heartwood decay than in healthy trees. For most of the healthy trees and trees with heartwood decay, mean stem concentrations of CH4 were comparable to ambient air, and only some Armillaria infected trees showed moderately elevated CH4. Consistently, low CH4 production potentials were recorded in the laboratory experiment. Up-scaling of CO2 efflux due to wood decay in living trees suggests that the balance between carbon sequestration and emission may be substantially influenced in stands with high frequency of advanced root and stem heartwood decay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Hietala

Dörsch

Kvaalen

et al. 2015

Forests

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“…The formation of this reaction zone can be expensive in terms of carbon (Oliva et al, 2012), thus inducing growth reductions on attacked trees (Oliva et al, 2010). Moreover carbon-expensive barriers may also imply reduced physiological capacity of trees to cope with drought stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoterpene responses to interacting effects of drought stress and infection by the fungus Heterobasidion parviporum in two clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Madmony

Tognetti

Zamponi

et al. 2018

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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A B S T R A C TTo study simultaneous biotic and abiotic stress effects on monoterpene mediated defence response, four-year-old seedlings of two clones of Picea abies (c386: "relatively resistant" c386; c171: "relatively susceptible" clone 171) were inoculated with an isolate of rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum and simultaneously subjected to a drought stress recovery cycle. Fungal growth into the wood was generally higher in well-watered (W) than in drought-stressed (D) plants. As predawn water potential decreased, gas exchange and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII also declined. Water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence showed differences between clones in D plants, c386 being more tolerant than c171, while stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis differed between clones in W plants; c171 showing higher values than c386. A recovery of physiological functions was observed after re-watering. The clones showed different constitutive monoterpene profiles. The infection generally caused some extensive compositional changes in the relative contents of several monoterpenes and their enantiomers; also, sterile infection (wounded only samples) affected the relative proportions of monoterpenes, although to a lesser extent than reactions elicited by the fungus. The trend in monoterpene response to disease treatments was the same in D and W plants of both clones. In particular, higher proportion of δ-3-carene was found constitutively in c386 in comparison with c171; besides, infection with H. parviporum increased the relative contents of δ-3-carene in all the samples, even if proportions of this monoterpene in wounded plus inoculated tissues of c386 were significantly higher than cortical tissues from non-inoculated branches only in W seedlings 44 days after treatment.Although drought stress decreased the total absolute contents of monoterpenes, total monoterpene concentrations significantly increased in response to infection by H. parviporum.

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“…Since the formation of the reaction zone implies a sacrificial conversion of sapwood, the sapwood area of the tree can be reduced as decay progresses. Oliva et al (2012) investigated Norway spruce with Heterobasidion annosum decay in Central Sweden and found that the proportion of section was significantly associated with a reduction of the conductive sapwood proportion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical impedance tomography for decay diagnostics of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>): possibilities and opportunities

Humplík¹,

Čermák²,

Žid³

2016

Silva Fenn.

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Humplík P., Čermák P., Žid T. (2016). Electrical impedance tomography for decay diagnostics of Norway spruce (Picea abies): possibilities and opportunities. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. 1 article id 1341. 13 p. Highlights• Statistical parameters of EIT datasets with values of electrical resistance of heartwood are possible to employ in refining heartwood rot diagnostics.• Sapwood proportion is decreasing as the proportion of decay on the radial cut expands.• Using EIT datasets and sapwood proportion, trees with rot can be split into two groups as per proportion of decay: [< 35%] and [> 35%]. AbstractThe paper aimed at testing the potential of refining tree rot diagnostics carried out by means of electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Examined was the use of EIT datasets with electrical resistance values and sapwood proportion determined on the basis of tomograms. Making use of datasets with resistance values in EIT rot diagnostics is not a default method, although datasets stay unaffected by a fixed colour scale and subsequent subjective evaluation unlike tomograms. Tomography measurement was carried out for 27 individuals of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in two stands north-east of Brno, Czech Republic. Once felled down, radial cut-outs were sampled at the measurement site and used for localising rot and determining the extent of the area of decay. The results were subsequently compared with tomograms. EIT datasets containing values of electrical resistance found by measuring were statistically processed and compared with the extent of rot area identified within the cuts. Sapwood proportion values were also detected using the tomograms. The baseline assumption that sapwood proportion decreases as the rot area in the radial cut expands was confirmed. In trees with rot percentage to 35% approximately, sapwood proportion was exceeding 30% except one tree. In trees with rot percentage exceeding 35%, sapwood proportion was below 30%. On the basis of interpreted datasets, the trees can be split into three characteristic groups that correspond to the occurrence, extent and nature of the rot.

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Understanding the role of sapwood loss and reaction zone formation on radial growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees decayed by Heterobasidion annosum s.l.

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Monoterpene responses to interacting effects of drought stress and infection by the fungus Heterobasidion parviporum in two clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Electrical impedance tomography for decay diagnostics of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>): possibilities and opportunities

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