“…As such, feelings and self-reports of existential and spiritual well-being protect against parental stress, which is often associated with lower income levels and lack of employment (Lamis, West, et al, 2014; Lamis, Wilson, Tarantino, Lansford, & Kaslow, 2014). Researchers have found that African American families, particularly women, utilize spirituality and religion as coping mechanisms to deal with life stressors, including, but not limited to poverty, health issues and chronic illness, grief, domestic violence, and bereavement (Chatters et al, 1999; Gonzalez & Davis, 2012; Musgrave, Allen, & Allen, 2002; Piraino, Krema, Williams, & Ferrari, 2014; Taylor & Chatters, 1988). Spirituality is considered to provide individuals with a sense of hope and strength and contributes to resiliency in the face of adversity by shaping appraisals of stress stimuli (McAdoo, 1995).…”