Understanding the viscoelastic properties of extruded polypropylene wood plastic composites

Son, Jung-Il; Gardner, Douglas J.; O'Neill, Shane C; Metaxas, C.

doi:10.1002/app.12372

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In general, the higher the activation energy is, the stronger the interaction is between the wood and the polymer matrix because more energy is required to allow molecules to relax. 28 The activation energy and R 2 values of the fit are shown in Table II. The activation energy of WPCs varied from 214 (yellow poplar WPCs) to 255 kJ/mol (cherry WPCs).…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wood species on the mechanical and thermal properties of wood–plastic composites

Kim

Harper

Taylor

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of wood species on the mechanical and thermal properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) was explored. Various wood species, including cherry, sweet gum, hickory, yellow poplar, Osage orange, walnut, eastern red cedar, pine, maple, and red oak, were compounded with virgin isotactic polypropylene in a 50 : 50 weight ratio and injection-molded. The tensile strength of WPCs made with cedar and hickory was higher than that of WPCs made with maple, oak, and Osage orange. The tensile modulus of WPCs made with gum and walnut was higher than that of oak WPCs. The tan d peak temperatures and peak values from dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that pine and hickory WPCs had higher amorphous or void contents than walnut and cherry WPCs. The induction time during isothermal crystallization suggested that red cedar, cherry, and gum WPCs had higher nucleation density than walnut, pine, and oak WPCs. Dynamic mechanical properties of the WPCs appeared to be related to the crystallization behavior of the wood flour, which depends on the surface roughness. Although there were statistically significant differences in mechanical properties among the species, the differences were small, implying that wood flours from many species can be used successfully as raw materials for WPCs.

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Section: Dynamic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wood species on the mechanical and thermal properties of wood–plastic composites

Kim

Harper

Taylor

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The anomalous behavior of the sample WSF/HDPE composites could be explained thus: A higher number of smaller particles results in more particle-particle interactions and an increased resistance to flow. Clearly as shear rate increased, this effect became less marked, suggesting that any particleparticle interactions were relatively weak and broken down at high shear rates [40]. Figure 5 showed the variation of the loss (G") modulus with frequency (ω), for agro fiber filled HDPE composites at 170˚C.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization and Comparison of Rheological Properties of Agro Fiber Filled High-Density Polyethylene Bio-Composites

Ogah¹,

Afiukwa²,

Nduji³

2014

OJPChem

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The rheological behavior of composites made with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and different agro fiber by-products such as corncob (CCF), Rice hull (RHF), Flax shives (FSF) and Walnut shell (WSF) flour of 60 -100 mesh were studied. The experimental results were obtained from samples containing 65 vol.% agro fiber and 3 wt.% lubricant. Particle sizes distribution of the agro fibers was in the range of 0.295 mm to ˂0.125 mm. SEM showed evidence of complete matrix/fiber impregnation or wetting. The melt rheological data in terms of complex viscosity (η*), storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), and loss tangent (tanδ) were evaluated and compared for different samples. Due to higher probability of agglomeration formation in the samples containing 65 vol.% of agro fillers, the storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity of these samples were high. The unique change in all the samples is due to the particle size distribution of the agro fibers. The storage and loss modulus increased with increasing shear rates for all the composites, except for Walnut shell composite which exhibited unusual decrease in storage modulus with increasing shear rate. Damping factor (tanδ) decreased with increasing shear rate for all the composites at 65 vol.% filler load although there were differences among the composites. Maximum torque tended to increase at the 65 vol.% agro fiber load for all composites. Corncob and Walnut shell composites gave higher torque and steady state torque values in comparison with Flax shives and Rice hull composites due to differences in particle sizes distribution of the agro fibers.

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“…5(b). The value of tan δ was obtained from the loss modulus-to-storage modulus ratio and was used to describe the flexibility of the composites (Son et al 2003). The tan δ curves gradually increased with temperature, which was attributed to the promotion of thermal motion capacity for polymer chains.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Glycidyl Methacrylate Grafting on the Mechanical, Water Absorption, and Thermal Properties of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene/Rubber Seed Shell Particle Composites

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2016

BioResources

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Rubber seed shell (RSS) was modified by grafting treatment using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) at various concentrations. The RSS was then used to reinforce high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The effects of modification on the mechanical, water absorption, and thermal properties of the RSS/HDPE composites were studied using a mechanical testing instrument, weighing method, Vicat softening temperature (VST) testing, thermogravimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results showed that the GMA grafting produced an improvement in the flexural and tensile properties of the composites. The water absorption rate of the composites also had an obvious decrease. While a slight increase in VST was found, the various concentrations of GMA showed no improvement in VST. GMA modification also could elevate the thermal stability of the composites at the initial decomposition stage. The optimum grafting concentration of GMA (2.5%) led to the lowest thermal weight loss (37.07% and 26.56%) during the first and second decomposition stages. The E' values of the composites had a significant increase with the addition of GMA. There were two peaks of tan δ for the untreated samples, but the modified samples exhibited a shift in the transition peak at higher temperatures; moreover, the second peak disappeared.

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Understanding the viscoelastic properties of extruded polypropylene wood plastic composites

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of wood species on the mechanical and thermal properties of wood–plastic composites

Effect of wood species on the mechanical and thermal properties of wood–plastic composites

Characterization and Comparison of Rheological Properties of Agro Fiber Filled High-Density Polyethylene Bio-Composites

Influence of Glycidyl Methacrylate Grafting on the Mechanical, Water Absorption, and Thermal Properties of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene/Rubber Seed Shell Particle Composites

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