Understanding watershed dynamics and impacts of climate change and variability in the Pangani River Basin, Tanzania

Lalika, Makarius C.S.; Meire, Patrick; Ngaga, Yonika M.; Chang’a, Ladislaus Benedict

doi:10.1016/j.ecohyd.2014.11.002

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Despite the new water management approach, there are still challenges in management of river basin and their catchments. Those challenges include water conflicts and catchments degradation as a result of economic pressure, cultural heterogeneity, climate change, population increase and weak local stakeholder's participation [30] [31]. Therefore, this study believes that characterization of the aquatic resources found in Eastern Arc Catchment of Tanzania, particularly to Upper Zigi and Lower Mngeta can help establish how man interacts with and modifies the aquatic environment, the impacts of their behavior, and how they respond to those changes.…”

Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Utilization of Aquatic Resources in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

Kapinga¹,

Sangodoyin²,

Ogunkoya³

2019

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Aquatic resources are vital for human well-being particularly to rural communities that largely depend on them for livelihood. Currently, it appears that pressure from human activities related to utilization has impacted negatively on catchment management, particularly of the aquatic resources. This study focuses on the aquatic resources found in the Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania which include Upper Zigi and Lower Mngeta. The study employs catchment community participatory mapping approach so as to elucidate how man interacts with and modifies the aquatic environment, the impacts of their behavior, and the responses to changes which occur. The aim of the research is to realize a more comprehensive understanding of water resource management from a cultural, social, economic, political, and biological perspective and facilitate sustainable socio-hydrological interaction model. The study found that there are some similarities and differences in aquatic resources management and utilization among communities. Also, it established that there are more aquatic resources in Lower Mngeta catchment than in Upper Zigi catchment. The study found out that the manner of utilization of aquatic resources depends on their availability, levels of skills, knowledge, and beliefs among members of the communities of the catchments. It was also found that the traditional cultural structures that regulated aquatic resource utilization are weakening at an alarming rate due to factors such as modernization and the establishment of the formal institution. Weak traditional structures contribute in many ways to mismanagement and destruction of aquatic resources. The study recommends that ecological database should not only focus on the resources stock, but also on the dynamics of resources utilization. This would lead identification of appropriate local actors with knowledge and skills and cultural advantage who can be involved in planning How to cite this paper: Kapinga, A.G., Sangodoyin, A. and Ogunkoya, O.O. (2019) Traditional Utilization of Aquatic Resources in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania. Natural Resources, 10, 153-178.

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Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Utilization of Aquatic Resources in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

Kapinga¹,

Sangodoyin²,

Ogunkoya³

2019

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“…Rain fed agriculture is practiced by large‐ and small‐scale farmers and irrigation is used in some areas (Barron et al ., ; Gowing et al ., ; Thurlow and Wobst, ; Mongi et al ., ). Use of irrigation and competition between water users has increased in northeastern Tanzania since recent droughts (Lalika et al ., ). Southern and central Tanzania (FEWS NET, ) provide around 70% of Tanzania's crop production, particularly from the southern highlands where typical annual precipitation is 1,200 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of irrigation and competition between water users has increased in northeastern Tanzania since recent droughts (Lalika et al, 2015). Southern and central Tanzania (FEWS NET, 2017) provide around 70% of Tanzania's crop production, particularly from the southern highlands where typical annual precipitation is 1,200 mm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pacific sea surface temperature linkages with Tanzania's multi‐season drying trends

Harrison

Funk

McNally

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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During 1999–2014, Tanzania experienced below average precipitation in two important seasons: December to February (DJF) in the south and during March to June (MAMJ) in the northeast. We explore DJF and MAMJ precipitation in the areas with drying trends and examine their relationships with anomalous sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Indo‐Pacific and corresponding circulation patterns. At seasonal time scales, precipitation in DJF and MAMJ trend areas appears inversely related to diabatic forcing in the equatorial Pacific. Dominant influence for droughts in DJF is eastern Pacific SST while for droughts in MAMJ it is West Pacific SST. A bivariate regression model with West Pacific and Niño3.4 region SST as predictors is found to recreate multidecadal DJF variability after the 1950s and the extreme drying in MAMJ during the 2000s. The regression model coefficients also indicate differential eastern versus western Pacific forcing for DJF versus MAMJ. Thus, we suggest that recent La Niña‐like conditions, characterized by an enhanced Pacific SST gradient due to cooling in the eastern Pacific and warming in the western Pacific, played a substantial role in Tanzania's recent multi‐season drying trends. SST change scenarios (difference between 2023–2037 and 2000–2014 means) based on CMIP5 projections and observed trends illustrate the uncertainty of future precipitation outcomes, as well as the potential implications of contrasting linkages to eastern versus western Pacific SSTs. These scenarios are mainly optimistic for the DJF southern Tanzania trend area, because it appears dominated by Niño3.4 cooling at both seasonal and decadal time scales. Conversely, our scenarios are quite pessimistic for the MAMJ northeastern Tanzania trend area, because we find a dominant negative influence of warming West Pacific SST.

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“…Anthropogenic global warming and its consequences, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions, received particular attention in recent years as many scholars documented the occurrence and dominance of droughts, a rise in the temperature, and an increase in the atmospheric water demand, accompanied by a reduction in the precipitation and runoff [1][2][3][4]. Additionally, in Iran, many studies support the fact that during recent decades the climate has experienced variations, mostly toward hot and dry conditions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-GCM Assessment of the Climate Change Impact on the Hydrology and Hydropower Potential of a Semi-Arid Basin (A Case Study of the Dez Dam Basin, Iran)

Mousavi

Ahmadizadeh

Marofi

2018

Water

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In this paper, the impact of climate change on the climate and discharge of the Dez Dam Basin and the hydropower potential of two hydropower plants (Bakhtiari and Dez) is investigated based on the downscaled outputs of six GCMs (General Circulation Models) and three SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) scenarios for the early, mid and late 21st century. Projections of all the scenarios and GCMs revealed a significant rise in temperature (up to 4.9 °C) and slight to moderate variation in precipitation (up to 18%). Outputs of the HBV hydrologic model, enforced by projected datasets, show a reduction of the annual flow by 33% under the climate change condition. Further, analyzing the induced changes in the inflow and hydropower generation potential of the Bakhtiari and Dez dams showed that both inflow and hydropower generation is significantly affected by climate change. For the Bakhtiari dam, this indicates a consistent reduction of inflow (up to 27%) and electricity generation (up to 32%). While, in the Dez dam case, the inflow is projected to decrease (up to 22%) and the corresponding hydropower is expected to slightly increase (up to 3%). This contrasting result for the Dez dam is assessed based on its reservoir and hydropower plant capacity, as well as other factors such as the timely releases to meet different demands and flow regime changes under climate change. The results show that the Bakhtiari reservoir and power plant will not meet the design-capacity outputs under the climate change condition as its large capacity cannot be fully utilized; while there is room for the further development of the Dez power plant. Comparing the results of the applied GCMs showed high discrepancies among the outputs of different models.

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Understanding watershed dynamics and impacts of climate change and variability in the Pangani River Basin, Tanzania

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Traditional Utilization of Aquatic Resources in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

Traditional Utilization of Aquatic Resources in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

Pacific sea surface temperature linkages with Tanzania's multi‐season drying trends

A Multi-GCM Assessment of the Climate Change Impact on the Hydrology and Hydropower Potential of a Semi-Arid Basin (A Case Study of the Dez Dam Basin, Iran)

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