Dynamic underwater acoustic network is a research hotspot. Due to the complexity and timevarying of underwater acoustic channel, the performance of single-mode underwater acoustic communication system is often limited by the worst channel situation. Orthogonal signal division multiplexing (OSDM) is a new signal modulation technology, which can be regarded as a bridge between single carrier modulation and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. In order to improve the channel adaptive ability of underwater acoustic communication system and obtain a unified architecture of different carrier modulation, an adaptive multi-mode underwater acoustic communication system based on OSDM and direct sequence spread spectrum modulation (AMMUAC/OS) is proposed in this paper. Combined with spread spectrum modulation, the system can realize single carrier time domain spread spectrum (SC-TDSS), single carrier system with cyclic prefix (SC-CP), OSDM, multicarrier frequency domain spread spectrum (MC-FDSS), and OFDM communication system by adjusting the vector length M of OSDM. The addition of a variety of digital mapping methods enables the system to achieve multi-mode communication with a unified architecture. Based on the relationship between the OSDM vector length M and the underwater acoustic channel delay, a joint adaptive decision criterion based on the maximum channel delay and the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is proposed. Firstly, the OSDM vector length M is determined according to the maximum channel delay, and then the system communication mode is selected according to the channel SNR. Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) channel estimation algorithm is used to obtain channel information and minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel equalization algorithm is used for channel compensation. An adaptive multi-mode data frame structure is designed for the interaction between the sender and the receiver. The simulation results show that the proposed AMMUAC/OS can adapt to underwater acoustic channels with different channel delay and SNR.INDEX TERMS underwater acoustic communication, adaptive communication, multi-mode communication, orthogonal signal division multiplexing, direct sequence spread spectrum
I. INTRODUCTIONUnderwater acoustic communication (UAC) plays a more and more important role in marine environment monitoring, underwater detection, disaster prevention and so on [1][2]. In particular, the dynamic underwater acoustic network with multiple nodes connected by underwater acoustic communication is a research hotspot in this field [3][4][5][6].In the past decades, the single-mode underwater acoustic communication technology using frequency shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), spread spectrum, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and other modulation technologies has made great progress.