Underwater sensing and warming E-textiles with reversible liquid metal electronics

Qi, Xiangjun; Zhao, Honglin; Wang, Lihong; Sun, Fengqiang; Ye, Xiaorui; Zhang, Xueji; Tian, Mingwei; Qu, Lijun

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.135382

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…A DC voltage supplier was connected to the two ends of the heater, and an infrared thermal camera was used to monitor the heating process and the corresponding temperature changes. As shown in Figure c, the temperature variation curves exhibited a fast-rising tendency following Joule’s first law and include a heating state, a steady state, and a cooling state . As the applied DC current increased, the time required for the heater to reach the steady-state temperature was gradually decreased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As shown in Figure 7c, the temperature variation curves exhibited a fast-rising tendency following Joule's first law and include a heating state, a steady state, and a cooling state. 50 As the applied DC current increased, the time required for the heater to reach the steadystate temperature was gradually decreased. The temperature of the heater could quickly increase to 70 °C in a short period of time (about 30 s) at an applied current of 2.0 A.…”

Section: Electrothermal Properties Of the Lms/pdms Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Flexible and Stretchable Elastomer Composites Based on Lightweight Liquid Metal Foam Spheres with Pod-like Contacts

Xuan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Liquid metal (LM) is increasingly employed as a conductive filler in soft and flexible elastomer composites owing to its favorable conductivity and liquid fluidity. However, the high density of LM inevitably increases the weight of composites, which brings limitations in large-area and weight-sensitive applications. This work reports a flexible and stretchable elastomer composite composed of pod-like contacting lightweight LM foam spheres and polydimethylsiloxane matrix (LMS/PDMS). The lightweight LMS reduces the amount of LM used in the preparation process while imparting good electrical conductivity and deformability to the composite. The different contact modes of LMS endow the final composites with diverse strain sensitivity. The mechanism of interfacial contact conduction between the LMS with different melting points has been systematically studied, and the result shows that the liquid–solid contact mode of LMS further improves the strain sensitivity of the composite. Moreover, the composite also has satisfactory electrothermal properties and the temperature can quickly reach 70 °C within 30 s, showing good applicability in electric heating. Finally, the composites containing LMS with different contact modes can be developed as multifunctional sensors to detect human activities, temperature variation, and even underwater vibration, demonstrating the great potential in next-generation sensors and electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Electrothermal Properties Of the Lms/pdms Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Stretchable Elastomer Composites Based on Lightweight Liquid Metal Foam Spheres with Pod-like Contacts

Xuan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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show abstract

“…The method allows one-time molding and is simple in processing and supports the manufacturing of various types of FEs-based products. [57,58] Compared with other printing methods, coaxial printing is an ideal choice for efficient, economical, and automated manufacturing of FEs. [59,60] Normally coaxial printing employs LMs and silicone as conductive functional materials and flexible substrates.…”

Section: Coaxial Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Liquid Metals: Recent Advancements and Challenges

Zou

Chen

Yuan

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The development of flexible electronics (FEs) has rapidly accelerated in numerous fields due to their exceptional deformability, bending, and stretchability. Room‐temperature gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) are considered as efficient conductive materials for FEs due to their outstanding electrical conductivity and intrinsic flexibility. Recently, 3D printing has become a promising technique for fabricating FEs. However, the poor printability due to high surface tension and fluidity offers huge challenges in the 3D printing of LMs. This review summarizes the effective strategies to address these challenges. It primarily focuses on three points: 1) how to improve the printability of LM and its wettability with the substrate, 2) how to select the appropriate printing method to improve the printing speed and ensure the resolution of printing structure, and 3) how to provide perfect encapsulation for LM‐based FEs with 3D printing. Following a brief introduction, the mainstream printing technologies and recent developments in the 3D printing of LMs are provided, with an emphasis on the selection of printing method, improvement of printability, encapsulation, and conductivity activation. Then, the revolutionary changes attained after 3D printing of LMs are specifically focused upon. Finally, opinions and potential directions for this thriving discipline are explored.

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“…In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in wearable electronics that are made of fiber materials [1][2][3][4]. In contrast to their rigid counterparts, fiber-based wearable electronics hold great promises for the next generation of electronic devices because they are flexible and stretchable [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Fiber Materials for Wearable Electronics

et al. 2022

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Fiber materials are highly desirable for wearable electronics that are expected to be flexible and stretchable. Compared with rigid and planar electronic devices, fiber-based wearable electronics provide significant advantages in terms of flexibility, stretchability and breathability, and they are considered as the pioneers in the new generation of soft wearables. The convergence of textile science, electronic engineering and nanotechnology has made it feasible to build electronic functions on fibers and maintain them during wear. Over the last few years, fiber-shaped wearable electronics with desired designability and integration features have been intensively explored and developed. As an indispensable part and cornerstone of flexible wearable devices, fibers are of great significance. Herein, the research progress of advanced fiber materials is reviewed, which mainly includes various material preparations, fabrication technologies and representative studies on different wearable applications. Finally, key challenges and future directions of fiber materials and wearable electronics are examined along with an analysis of possible solutions. Graphical abstract

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Underwater sensing and warming E-textiles with reversible liquid metal electronics

Cited by 52 publications

References 67 publications

Flexible and Stretchable Elastomer Composites Based on Lightweight Liquid Metal Foam Spheres with Pod-like Contacts

Flexible and Stretchable Elastomer Composites Based on Lightweight Liquid Metal Foam Spheres with Pod-like Contacts

3D Printing of Liquid Metals: Recent Advancements and Challenges

Advanced Fiber Materials for Wearable Electronics

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