Underwater survival in the dog tick Dermacentor variabilis (Acari:Ixodidae)

Fielden, Laura J.; Knolhoff, Lisa M.; Villarreal, Susan M.; Ryan, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.08.009

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Analogously, changes in the metabolism occurring during the pre-oviposition period, when females spend energy in their gonadotrophic activity and then to lay eggs, might reduce the overall survival of engorged females underwater. This is also supported by the longer time of underwater resistance (i.e., 15 days) displayed by unfed Dermacentor variabilis females (Fielden et al 2011). However, differences in tick resistance might also be due to species-related factors as indicated by the longer survival period recorded in engorged females of R. sanguineus when compared with Haemaphysalis leachi (Adejinmi 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…None of the 120 females immerged more than 72 h survived. The resistance to water immersion has also been linked to the use of a spiracular plate respiration system in certain invertebrates that allows oxygen dissolved in water to diffuse into the tracheal system according to its concentration gradient (Fielden et al 2011). The survival of R. sanguineus females herein recorded is longer than that reported in a previous study (Table 2; Adejinmi 2011), and these differences could be due to variations occurring within populations of R. sanguineus (Szabó et al 2005;Moraes-Filho et al 2011) as well as to the physiological status of tested ticks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is possible due to an alternative respiratory system, by means of spiracular plates, that allows them to absorb oxygen from water (Fielden et al 2011). This ability to survive for extended periods submerged underwater might have implications for tick biology, considering that some ticks are parasitic on amphibians (e.g., Amblyomma rotundatum) (Dantas-Torres et al 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Underwater survival of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae)

2012

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) is a worldwide distributed tick, also due to its adaptability to different environmental conditions. In order to assess its ability to survive and to lay eggs after water immersion, 150 engorged females from southern Italy were water immersed for 1-15 days whereas eggs were flooded for 1-5 days. All females survived water immersion for 48 h, some of them up to 72 h, but egg hatch rate was negatively correlated with female submersion period. All eggs flooded for up to 120 h hatched successfully. These findings suggest that R. sanguineus is able to survive underwater for some days without loosing any biological activity. This feature should be considered in relation to its potential to spread to new areas and to its role as a vector of pathogens also in consideration of changes in climate the Earth is currently experiencing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Underwater survival of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae)

2012

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“…This seems to be common in other insects (BELOZEROV, 2009) as well as in ticks (RANDOLPH, 2004). Fielden et al (2011) recently found that Dermacentor variabilis is able to utilize dissolved oxygen in the water through a plastron formed by its complex spiracular plates. However, these authors reported that even when their plastron disabled, or in water with very low oxygen content, some ticks can still survive for several days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, submergence at some stage of the life cycle has been studied and considered to be a limiting factor for some species (CAMPBELL; GLINES, 1979;SMITH, 1973;SUTHERST, 1971;BENNETT, 1974;KOCH, 1986;GAZÊTA et al, 1995;PAULA et al, 2000;LOUZADA;CANÇADO et al, 2006;FIELDEN et al, 2011;GIANNELLI et al, 2012;SANTOS et al, 2012). However, little is known about the ability of ticks on wild animals to survive this condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amblyomma auricularium (Acari: Ixodidae): underwater survival of the non-parasitic phase of feeding females

Sá-Hungaro

Raia

Pinheiro

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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To determine the effects of immersion in water on the biological parameters of engorged females of the tick species Amblyomma auricularium, 60 females were distributed in six groups, each comprising 10 individuals. The control group -G1 (not immersed) was fixed dorsally in a Petri dish and incubated at 27 ± 1 °C and 80% RH. The other groups were subjected to immersion periods of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, and the sixth group to continuous immersion. After the immersion period, the females were placed in Petri dishes to begin laying. Eggs were collected every 72 hours and kept in biological chambers. All the groups showed significant differences (p <0.05) during the pre-oviposition period. The laying period and the average weight of overall posture did not change. The egg incubation period also did not differ significantly, but the hatching rate in the group immersed for 96h showed a significant difference. Thus, immersion for up to 96 hours does not impair the survival of A. auricularium females, although it may delay egg laying and reduce the number of offspring.Keywords: Immersion, oviposition, Dasypodidae, Amblyomma auricularium. ResumoA fim de conhecer os efeitos da imersão em água sobre os parâmetros biológicos de fêmeas ingurgitadas de Amblyomma auricularium, 60 fêmeas foram distribuídas em seis grupos, cada um contendo 10 indivíduos. O grupo controle G1 (sem imersão) foi fixado dorsalmente numa placa de Petri e incubado a 27 ± 1 °C e 80 % de HR. Os demais grupos foram submetidos a períodos de imersão de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas e, o último grupo, em imersão continua. Após o período de imersão, as fêmeas foram colocadas em placas de Petri para iniciar a postura. Os ovos foram coletados a cada 72 horas e mantidos em câmaras biológicas. Houve diferença significativa (p <0,05) em relação ao período de pré-oviposição de todos os grupos. O período de postura e o peso médio da postura total não se alterou. O período de incubação dos ovos também não diferiram significativamente, mas houve uma diferença significativa na taxa de eclosão das larvas no grupo imerso por 96 horas. Assim, a imersão por até 96 horas não compromete a sobrevivência de fêmeas de A. auricularium, mas pode retardar a postura de ovos e reduzir o número de descendentes.

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Sea water transport and submersion tolerance as dispersal strategies for the invasive ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus (Carabidae)

Renault

2011

Polar Biol

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International audienceThe alien ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus was introduced to the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in 1913. It colonized several small islands and islets of this archipelago, without any apparent human assistance in some locations, and crossed several large rivers and alluvial plains. As aggregations of this species on the tidal drift line are common at the Kerguelen Islands, the present work examined whether adult individuals of M. soledadinus could disperse by flotation on the sea. Different sample sizes of ground beetles (from 1 to 10) were placed on sea water at 8°C in plastic vials. Survival (50% lethal times) significantly increased from 2.1 ± 0.2 days for single beetles to 6.5 ± 0.3 days for groups of 10 beetles per vial, with there being no difference in the survival duration for groups of 2, 5, and 10 beetles per vial. Similar survival durations were found for beetles in vials with artificially agitated water and controls. In addition, the duration of survival was twice as high under freshwater versus sea water conditions, when groups of 10 adults were used. Finally, the survival to total submersion in freshwater was evaluated, and ranged from 3 to 4 days. This ability to survive extended periods both floating on and/or submerged beneath salt and freshwater conditions, indicates the presence of a successful dispersal mechanism, which may facilitate the dispersal range of M. soledadinus across the Kerguelen Islands, comprising over 300 islands and islets in total

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Underwater survival in the dog tick Dermacentor variabilis (Acari:Ixodidae)

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Underwater survival of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Underwater survival of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Amblyomma auricularium (Acari: Ixodidae): underwater survival of the non-parasitic phase of feeding females

Sea water transport and submersion tolerance as dispersal strategies for the invasive ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus (Carabidae)

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