Underwater Turbulence Detection Using Gated Wavefront Sensing Technique

Abstract

Laser sensing has been applied in various underwater applications, ranging from underwater detection to laser underwater communications. However, there are several great challenges when profiling underwater turbulence effects. Underwater detection is greatly affected by the turbulence effect, where the acquired image suffers excessive noise, blurring, and deformation. In this paper, we propose a novel underwater turbulence detection method based on a gated wavefront sensing technique. First, we elaborate on the operating principle of gated wavefront sensing and wavefront reconstruction. We then setup an experimental system in order to validate the feasibility of our proposed method. The effect of underwater turbulence on detection is examined at different distances, and under different turbulence levels. The experimental results obtained from our gated wavefront sensing system indicate that underwater turbulence can be detected and analyzed. The proposed gated wavefront sensing system has the advantage of a simple structure and high detection efficiency for underwater environments.

Underwater Object Detection and Reconstruction Based on Active Single-Pixel Imaging and Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network

“…Though different studies about the influence of turbulence [ 25 ] and deep learning on SPI are discussed in Dutta et al [ 26 ] and Jauregui-Sánchez et al [ 27 ], there are limited studies that focus on SPI with deep learning for underwater image reconstruction. Therefore, in this paper, we leverage single-pixel imaging and deep learning to improve underwater imaging restoration.…”

A Fast Image Deformity Correction Algorithm for Underwater Turbulent Image Distortion

“…Former studies focused on the degradation model, solving beam transmission and scattering problems to improve the image quality and distance [3,4]. However, in real water environments like rivers and oceans, the underwater visible distance decreases severely due to turbulent effects; the nonuniform variation of light field distribution results in image distortion [5,6], which makes turbulence the most important degradation factor in natural water imaging. Therefore, it is necessary to study the underwater turbulent degradation in depth.…”