Une nouvelle approche de l'agriculture biologique

Gautronneau, Yvan; Godard, Danièle; Pape, Yves Le; Sebillote, M.; Bardet, C.; Bellon, Stéphane; Hocde,

doi:10.3406/ecoru.1981.4391

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Although this vision remained relatively dominant, other authors tried to rehabilitate organic agriculture and the farmers who practised it by analysing its technical foundations and subsequent balances, i.e., organic and mineral fertilisation, labour, assets, and liabilities (Bellon and Tranchant, 1981;Lockeretz, 1981), by looking at it as a social and economic practice and by acknowledging its technical and regional diversity (Cadiou et al, 1975). In this literature, organic farming is found to be a feasible alternative to conventional models (Viel, 1979;Gautronneau et al, 1981). In the USA, in this period of questioning over the limits of socalled modern agriculture, organic agriculture was considered a possible model (USDA, 1980), and other qualifications and definitions for agriculture also emerged, in particular "sustainable" (Harwood, 1990) and "alternative" agriculture (National Research Council, 1989).…”

Section: Introduction and Short Retrospectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion to organic farming: a multidimensional research object at the crossroads of agricultural and social sciences. A review

Lamine¹,

Bellon

2009

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

157

110

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Literature on the conversion from intensive to organic farming is scarce. However, both the conversion of farmers to organic farming and of consumers to organic food are the driving forces for the development of the organic sector. In this review, we combine agricultural and social scientists' viewpoints for a critical appraisal of literature on conversion to organic food and farming. First, a brief historical retrospective enables us to refer the scientific production to the institutional and economic context over the past decades. Secondly, we review the methods used to analyse conversion in agricultural and social sciences, and show that emphasis is most often laid upon the effects of conversion and the motivations to convert, on the basis of comparative approaches with so-called conventional agriculture. Therefore, the literature minimises the importance of transitional aspects and trajectories, and rarely approaches conversion as a longer process than its legal duration and from a wider point of view. Thirdly, we examine the paradigms of input efficiency and system redesign, which frame discussions about transitions in agriculture, beyond organics, and therefore helps shed light on sustainability issues. We suggest that analysing conversion and more generally transitions in agriculture as multidimensional issues, involving both production and social practices, entails interdisciplinary approaches and the redefinition of some central research topics. organic food and farming / conversion / transition / conventionalisation thesis / interdisciplinarity / redesign

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Section: Introduction and Short Retrospectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion to organic farming: a multidimensional research object at the crossroads of agricultural and social sciences. A review

Lamine¹,

Bellon

2009

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

157

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These periods can be examined in three periods. The studies between 1970s and 1980s are the pioneering studies (Bellon and Tranchant, 1981;Gautronneau et al, 1981); the studies between 1990s and the early 2000s are on organic farming specialization (Padel et al, 1999;Padel, 2001;Demiryürek, 2000); and the recent studies are complex and detailed studies.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In examination of organic farming from sociological perspective addressed the organic farmers' attitude and practice (Le Pape and Remy, 1988). These studies were about evaluating organic farming as an alternative agricultural technique that can be applied (Gautronneau et al, 1981), encouraging transition to organic farming and the studies that show the social and geographical factors in transition to organic farming (Lamine and Bellon, 2008).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun

Aydoğan¹,

Demiryürek²

2018

Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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This study was carried out to reveal the sources of communication and social network of organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province. The primary and basic material of the study is the data obtained from the surveys, interviews and observations of the organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Çamlıca, Yüksekyayla villages and Ağcagüney town. Both producer groups were compared in terms of their social networks and communication channels especially on the use of different fertilizers by making suggestions on how to develop it. The results of the research showed that socio-economic status of the organic hazelnut producers was better than conventional producers in terms of land size, income, cooperation capacity, risk management and agricultural supports. Social Network Analysis (SNA) has shown the graphs of communication networks among the producers, their relationships with different public, private and mass media information sources and especially revealed leader farmers whom functioned as source of information transfer (or even blocker) among them. The relationships in organic hazelnut producers' communication network in the village are strong, dense and information sources are varied. On the contrary, the relationships in communication network of conventional hazelnut producers were looser, strong and information sources were uniform. The main source of technical information for both groups of producers was the experienced leader farmers; as for organic producers, the heads of the local organic producers' union was the main information source in terms of commercial, legal and organizational aspects. In other words, both organic and conventional producers rely on knowledge and experience of producers who take on the role of opinion leader within the village. Therefore, innovation and knowledge transfer to farmers can be delivered through these opinion leaders. As a result of the research, it can be said that institutional information sources do not adequately support organic and conventional hazelnut growers. Thus, organic producers developed their local knowledge source based on their on-farm trials and experiences and shared this knowledge within their peer groups. However, this information needs to be supported with scientific findings.

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“…But do these work requirements really put a brake on adoption? Other curbs are confirmed: regarding organic farming for example, Gautronneau 6 showed that a major obstacle to adoption in France was a fear of being marginalized, while a recent study 7 , carried out in California, proved the influence of management styles on adoption. Is the adoption of alternative agriculture systems hampered in Western countries, where everyone can make comparisons with the conditions in the productivity-driven farming system by the amount and nature of the work involved?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Work: A necessary sacrifice or a suffered chore? Labor and farm continuity in alternative agriculture in France

Macombe

2007

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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The author certifies that this article is an original contribution that has not been published elsewhere.Systems advocating alternative agriculture would appear to be handicapped by the amount and the minutiae of human labour required. Is this really a threat to the continuity of farms associated with these systems? We do not believe that this directly hampers the survival of a farm. We advance the theory that continuity is not just down to chance; the farmer at the time chooses to prolong the life of the farm and more especially to look for a successor. We have shown through a study conducted in central France (Auvergne) that the main guarantee of organisational sustainability, that which sustains the business as a viable entity when another person takes over, is when a farmer thinks of his farm as an entity-cum-project supporting a meaningful life plan. A farmer might also see his farm solely as capital or as heritage, but neither of these last two attitudes is sufficient for him to ensure the spirit of his enterprise is passed on. There is a particularly large number of farmers in the first category (entity-cum-project) who adopt alternative farming practices, which are meaningful. It also seems to be the case that the manner of working is closely linked to the moral principles of Author-produced version Renewable agriculture and food systems, 2007, 22(4), 282-289 Original publication available at http://journals.cambridge.orgdoi : 10.1017/S1742170507001858Macombe -2 -farmers who use alternative systems. Moreover, the same objective amount of work that might be thought excessive in a system that puts strong emphasis on high productivity, is regarded as normal in an alternative system. Farmers often approach extension advisors to help reorganise their working conditions. We maintain that alternative systems have peculiarities with regard to work that make this type of advice difficult. Our aim is to help advisors clearly construct the input they give to the various types of farmers. We put forward a typology of possible practices as regards advice on work, according to assessments farmers have made about the amount of work they do and their way of working. The large number of hours devoted to an alternative farming activity and the nature of that activity, whether demanding or linked to practices thought archaic, are not always a handicap to the continuity of an alternative system. On the contrary, these features can be its hallmark.Work/labour -alternative agriculture -continuity -sustainability -advice -ethics.

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Une nouvelle approche de l'agriculture biologique

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Conversion to organic farming: a multidimensional research object at the crossroads of agricultural and social sciences. A review

Conversion to organic farming: a multidimensional research object at the crossroads of agricultural and social sciences. A review

The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun

Work: A necessary sacrifice or a suffered chore? Labor and farm continuity in alternative agriculture in France

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