Unexpected species diversity and contrasting evolutionary hypotheses in Hebeloma (Agaricales) sections Sinapizantia and Velutipes in Europe

Abstract

Hebeloma velutipes is one of the most common and abundant members of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete genus and H. sinapizans is one of its oldest and most commonly recorded species. Using large sample sizes, several loci and the analysis of types, we explored the taxonomy, species limits, distribution and the infrageneric classification of these two species and their relatives. By relying almost exclusively on sequenced material, we were able to attain a marked refinement of species descriptions. Phylogenetic results are congruent with respect to the delimitation of species, but suggest conflicting evolutionary histories of the species phylogeny. Using multi-species coalescent analysis, phylogenetic support for H. sects. Velutipes and Sinapizantia was assessed, finding clear support for H. sect. Sinapizantia but ambiguous results for H. sect. Velutipes. One species, H. subconcolor, previously accommodated in H. sect. Denudata, is placed in H. sect. Velutipes. Hebeloma bulbiferum, so far not considered in systematic treatments, is shown to belong to H. sect. Sinapizantia. Unexpectedly, H. velutipes turned out to be distinct from H. leucosarx. Hebeloma erebium comb. nov., H. celatum sp. nov. and H. quercetorum, formerly treated as a single species (H. quercetorum), are demonstrated to be three taxa that are clearly distinct in molecular terms, even though, morphologically, they can be deceptively similar; H. erebium and H. quercetorum are, moreover, geographically distinct. The morphological characters used to distinguish the ten recognised European species are outlined. Finally, a lectotype and an epitype are designated for H. sinapizans and a lectotype for H. quercetorum

Over the hills, but how far away? Estimates of mushroom geographic range extents

“…Dense sampling has unveiled several independent lineages in what were previously thought to be single species of Flammulina , Amanita and Cantharellus (Dunham, O'Dell, T. E., & Molina, R., ; Geml, Laursen, O'neill, Nusbaum, & Taylor, ; Geml, Tulloss, Laursen, Sazanova, & Taylor, ; Hughes, McGhee, Methven, Johnson, & Petersen, ). Close analyses of the species‐rich genera Cortinarius , Russula , Morchella , Laccaria and Hebeloma have shown unexpectedly small numbers of species with intercontinental distributions (Bazzicalupo et al, ; Geml, ; Geml et al, ; Grilli et al, ; Harrower et al, ; Meiser, Bálint, & Schmitt, ; Mueller et al, ; Richard et al, ; Tedersoo et al, ; Wilson, Hosaka, & Mueller, ). Even analyses of environmental samples have found little or no evidence for pan‐continental distributions.…”

Seven New Recorded Species in Five Genera of the Strophariaceae in Korea

“…Hebeloma fastibile is the type species in this genus [33]. According to molecular-based phylogenies there are several subsections in this genus [7]. Until now, five species were reported previously in Korea ( H. crustuliniforme , H. mesophaeum , H. radicosum , H. spoliatum , and H. vinosophyllum ) [18].…”

“…Traditionally, identification of fungal species has been based on morphological characters; however, because morphology can vary depending on environmental conditions, identification of fungal species based on morphology alone is often unreliable [7]. The introduction of molecular phylogenetics to fungal taxonomy and evolution has been crucial in shedding light on the phylogenetic relationships of the Strophariaceae [58].…”

Biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in surface mine spoil restoration stands in Poland – first time recorded, rare, and red-listed species

“…Macroscopically, the species may be confused with H. leucosarx and H. velutipes. Also, it is not always possible to distinguish between H. incarnatulum and H. velutipes based on ITS [71]. The species seems widespread in Northern Europe, especially around the Baltic area, it occurs also in more southerly locations in subalpine areas [65].…”

“…The species seems widespread in Northern Europe, especially around the Baltic area, it occurs also in more southerly locations in subalpine areas [65]. In Poland, it was reported from Słowiński National Park (Czerwona Szopa neighborhood) [65,71], further record from Sarbska Spit reserve is shown on the distribution map of H. incarnatulum European database collections (p. 371 in [65]). …”