“…3,11,21,23,[28][29][30] Several biophysical parameters have been determined such as threading frequency, [31][32][33][34] orientation of strands, [35][36][37][38][39] velocity of DNA transport, 40 influence of pore geometry, 41 and interactions with the pore wall. 39 In addition to nucleic acids, translocation has also been investigated for peptides, [42][43][44][45] proteins, [46][47][48] and peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates, 49 which, unlike nucleic acid strands, frequently feature inhomogeneous charge distributions and vary considerably in diameter along the polymer sequence.…”