Ungulate Impact on Natural Regeneration in Spruce-Beech-Fir Stands in Černý důl Nature Reserve in the Orlické Hory Mountains, Case Study from Central Sudetes

Vacek, Zdeněk; Vacek, Stanislav; Bílek, Lukáš; Král, Jan; Remeš, J.; Bulušek, Daniel; Králíček, Ivo

doi:10.3390/f5112929

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…On the contrary the lowest damage was caused to spruce (3%). These results are consistent with Vacek et al (2014), who presented a marked suppression or even disposal of natural regeneration of fir, sycamore and rowan recruits, while the lowest damage was also reported for spruce. The attractiveness of sycamore and rowan for game was also confirmed by studies from the Italian Alps (Motta 2003), from Krkonoše Mts.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The pronounced clumpiness is due to the occurrence of recruits in small gaps in the canopy (Szwagrzyk et al 2001;Grassi et al 2004). But the relationships between natural regeneration and canopy density can be quite variable depending on local conditions (Collet & Le Moguedec 2007) and damage caused by the wildlife (Ficko et al 2011;Vacek et al 2014;Mattila & Kjellander 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term transformation of submontane spruce-beech forests in the Jizerské hory Mts.: dynamics of natural regeneration

Slanař¹,

Vacek²,

Vacek³

et al. 2017

Central European Forestry Journal

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The paper deals with development of the natural regeneration of even-aged spruce-beech forests during their transformation to uneven-aged stands with diversified structure at the Jedlový důl area in the Protected Landscape Area Jizerské hory Mts., Czech Republic. Shelterwood management system and free felling policy based on selection principles has been applied there since 1979 with the support of admixed tree species of the natural species composition, especially silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The research was focuses on structure and development of natural regeneration with the emphasis on ungulate damage and interaction with tree layer from 1979 to 2015. In the course of 36 years, the regeneration structure was diversified towards the close-to-nature tree species composition, spatial and age structure. The number of regeneration recruits increased in average from 941 to 41,669 ind ha -1. During this period share of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) significantly (p < 0.01) increased (by 53.6%), while the share of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) decreased (by 51.5%), such as damage caused by ungulate (by 61.4%) with the highest loses on sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and silver fir. Moreover, the parent trees had a significant negative influence on natural regeneration at smaller spacing (within a 1 -5 m radius from the stem). Both, regeneration potential and effective role of the tree layer during the forest transformation has been confirmed as important prerequisites for ongoing forest transformation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term transformation of submontane spruce-beech forests in the Jizerské hory Mts.: dynamics of natural regeneration

Slanař¹,

Vacek²,

Vacek³

et al. 2017

Central European Forestry Journal

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“…A decrease in the percentage of fir due to browsing by game, and also of other tree species preferred by game such as sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and beech to a lesser extent, was confirmed also in other areas of central Europe (Motta 2003;Diaci et al 2010;Konôpka & Pajtík 2015;Meier et al 2017). Nevertheless, because of the lack of long-term researches the effects of ungulate impacts on mixed forest stands have been still relatively little known (Vacek et al 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…in the studied nature reserve in the Orlické hory Mts. are characterized by the long developmental cycle lasting for 350 -400 years (Vacek et al 2014a). It is determined particularly by the lifetime of fir as a tree *Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and dynamics of spruce-beech-fir forests in Nature Reserves of the Orlické hory Mts. in relation to ungulate game

Vacek

2017

Central European Forestry Journal

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Knowledge of the structure and dynamics of near-natural mixed forests is a key factor for ecologically oriented management of forest ecosystems. The development of these model forests mostly takes place continually without any pronounced disturbances. Natural regeneration can be locally limited by ungulate browsing. The paper was focused on the structure and development of forest stands with emphasis on natural regeneration in relation to ungulates in Černý důl Nature Reserve and Trčkov National Nature Reserve situated in the Orlické hory Mts., Czech Republic. The case study was conducted in a spruce-beech-fir forest stand on four permanent research plots (PRP) of 0.25 ha in size. PRP are situated in the same stand and in comparable site and stand conditions, but two PRP has been protected against game by fencing since [1985][1986][1987][1988][1989]. The stand volume ranged from 478 to 565 m 3 ha −1 in age 143 -156 year. The results showed that the diversity of tree layer was higher by 19.8% (48.0% in species richness) in the stands protected by fence. In the phase of natural regeneration, the species composition, stand structure and number of recruits were poorer on unfenced PRP (7,990 recruits ha ). Admixed silver fir and rowan were completely eliminated by browsing (to 94 -100% of individuals). Growth analyses statistically confirmed that ungulates were a significant limiting factor for successful forest development (P < 0.001).

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“…Therefore, in forestry, the predictions concerning climate conditions and the analyses of their impact on the forest ecosystem must be considered as crucial initial inputs into the formation of strategies in sustainable forest management [111,112]. In relation to the strategies for the lower uplands and mountain forest vegetation zones in the European temperate zone [113], the European beech has been very intensively researched [114][115][116]. The high stability of old-growth European beech forests under natural conditions can contribute to the overall stability of managed forests in Central Europe [117].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Climate Conditions in Forest Vegetation Zones as a Support Tool for Forest Management Strategy in European Beech Dominated Forests

Machar

Vlčková

Buček

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:The regional effects of climate change on forest ecosystems in the temperate climate zone of Europe can be modelled as shifts of forest vegetation zones in the landscape, northward and to higher elevations. This study applies a biogeographical model of climate conditions in the forest vegetation zones of the Central European landscape, in order to predict the impact of future climate change on the most widespread tree species in European deciduous forests-the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The biogeographical model is supported by a suite of software applications in the GIS environment. The model outputs are defined as a set of conditions -climate scenario A1B by the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) for a forecast period, for a specified geographical area and with ecological conditions appropriate for the European beech, which provide regional scenarios for predicted future climatic conditions in the context of the European beech's environmental requirements. These predicted changes can be graphically visualized. The results of the model scenarios for regional climate change show that in the Czech Republic from 2070 onwards, optimal growing conditions for the European beech will only exist in some parts of those areas where it currently occurs naturally. Based on these results, it is highly recommended that the national strategy for sustainable forest management in the Czech Republic be partly re-evaluated. Thus, the presented biogeographical model of climate conditions in forest vegetation zones can be applied, not only to generate regional scenarios of climate change in the landscape, but also as a support tool for the development of a sustainable forest management strategy.

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Ungulate Impact on Natural Regeneration in Spruce-Beech-Fir Stands in Černý důl Nature Reserve in the Orlické Hory Mountains, Case Study from Central Sudetes

Cited by 43 publications

References 43 publications

Long-term transformation of submontane spruce-beech forests in the Jizerské hory Mts.: dynamics of natural regeneration

Long-term transformation of submontane spruce-beech forests in the Jizerské hory Mts.: dynamics of natural regeneration

Structure and dynamics of spruce-beech-fir forests in Nature Reserves of the Orlické hory Mts. in relation to ungulate game

Modelling of Climate Conditions in Forest Vegetation Zones as a Support Tool for Forest Management Strategy in European Beech Dominated Forests

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