Uniaxial and cubic anisotropy constants in ion-implanted Sm,Tm,Ga:YIG bubble thin films

The growth atmosphere over a PbO fluxed melt can significantly affect the platinum and lead concentrations and the magnetic properties of rare-earth iron garnet films grown from that melt. We have investigated this effect using the simple composition (Gd2.5Eu0.5Fe5O12. The films were grown in N2, air, and O2 atmosphere on (111) MgCaZr substituted GGG substrates (substrate lattice parameter a0=12.497 Å) by conventional liquid-phase-epitaxy techniques from PbO and PbO/B2O3 fluxes. Lead is incorporated self-compensatingly from the flux as Pb2+ and Pb4+. The oxygen partial pressure of the growth atmosphere affects the platinum incorporation in the film through the equilibrium between neutral elemental Pt0 and ionic Pt4+ species in the melt. Incorporation of elemental species such as Pt0 in the film is unfavorable, but oxidized Pt4+ ions are accommodated in the lattice in concentrations that depend on their melt concentrations and distribution coefficients. Lead and platinum concentrations were determined by x-ray fluorescence. The incorporation of lead and platinum increased the lattice parameter and the index of refraction of these garnets. The diamagnetic octahedral substitution of Pt had a predictable effect on the magnetic properties, increasing the saturation magnetization and decreasing the Curie temperature, cubic anisotropy, and gyromagnetic ratio. Least-squares analysis and annealing studies showed that lead makes a positive contribution to the growth-induced anisotropy that seems to depend only on the concentration of the Pb2+ species. Platinum incorporation causes a negative contribution to the growth-induced anisotropy that can be annealed out at temperatures of 850–950 °C.

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Growth-induced anisotropy in bismuth: Rare-earth iron garnets

Fratello

Slusky

Brandle

et al. 1986

Journal of Applied Physics

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The bismuth-doped rare-earth iron garnets, (R3−x−yBixPby)Fe5O12 (Bi:RIG, R=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y), were prepared under constant growth conditions to investigate the influence of ionic species on the bismuth-based growth-induced uniaxial anisotropy Kgu. The effect of ionic species on growth-induced anisotropy in Bi:RIG was not consistent with the ionic size model of site ordering. In particular, Bi:SmIG, Bi:EuIG, and Bi:TbIG displayed high growth-induced anisotropies, up to 331 000 erg/cm3 at room temperature for x≊0.5. The temperature dependence of these Kgu’s was somewhat higher than that of the well studied Bi:YIG. The site ordering of Bi can be modeled by assuming that small, low-oxygen-coordination BiO+3−2ww melt complexes have a strong site selectivity for small, high-oxygen coordination sites at the growth interface.

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Uniaxial and cubic anisotropy constants in ion-implanted Sm,Tm,Ga:YIG bubble thin films

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Simple high-temperature proportional detector for conversion-electron Mössbauer spectroscopy

Simple high-temperature proportional detector for conversion-electron Mössbauer spectroscopy

Effect of growth atmosphere on rare-earth iron garnets grown from PbO-based fluxes

Growth-induced anisotropy in bismuth: Rare-earth iron garnets

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