Uniaxial testing in rock mechanics laboratories

Hawkes, I.; Mellor, Malcolm

doi:10.1016/0013-7952(70)90034-7

Cited by 275 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…After the instantaneous crack propagation, the stress inside the rock is almost completely mitigated by the fracturing. The results in our model is also consistent with theoretical works of the rock fracture (e.g., Hawkes and Mellor, 1970;Bordia, 1971). The patterns of the surface of the fracture show an agreement with those observed in the laboratory experiments (e.g., Lama, 1966;Vutukuri et al, 1974;Paterson, 1978), though their feature changes by introducing only one percent weak connections inside the rock.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…When the cracking occurs, the spheres first disappear, i.e., lose the connection, at the corners, and then, the release of normal stress propagates to inside of the rock (e ∼ 0.00540-0.00581), with simultaneous propagation of cracking, that is, fracturing. Areas of stress accumulation are almost coincident with the areas of stress concentration predicted by the Griffith theory (Hawkes and Mellor, 1970). After the instantaneous crack propagation, the stress is almost completely mitigated (e ∼ 0.00590).…”

Section: Stress Distributionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Numerical simulation of rock fracture using three-dimensional extended discrete element method

Matsuda

Iwase

2014

Earth Planet Sp

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We perform three-dimensional numerical simulation of rock fracturing under uniaxial compression by extending the discrete element method (DEM). Rock sample is modeled as an assemblage of about four thousand spheres having the same radius. Each element satisfies equations of motion for both translation and rotation. In extension of the DEM, we assume cohesion between elements and constrained rotation of the elements; these assumptions are required to treat the continuum by the DEM. We study two cases of uniaxial compression tests: A homogeneous sample having an equal cohesion force between elements and heterogeneous sample having weak parts of cohesion in one percent of the total number of the bonds of elements. We present the detail of fracturing process of model rock samples and obtain stress-strain curve for each case. The homogeneous sample shows a cone-shaped fault system, whereas the heterogeneous sample shows complex fault system consisting of major and sub faults. We find that the inner stress and rotation of elements show the negative correlation during fracturing process. The results are in good agreement with both experimental and theoretical results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Stress Distributionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Numerical simulation of rock fracture using three-dimensional extended discrete element method

Matsuda

Iwase

2014

Earth Planet Sp

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“…As a general rule the nonuniform stresses associated with the boundary condition at the loaded interface penetrate the specimen to a depth roughly equal to one half the width of the loaded surface. 43 To be sure that a predictable stress state exists in the area ~~~~~~~~----~~~-- where the inclusion is to be set for calibration the height of the specimen should be at least three times the width. Figure 81 shows a system devised by Dhir 2 ~ to insure uniform stress in a test cube by loading it between cubes of similar material.…”

Section: Shape Sine -And Loading Of Test Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelastic Instrumentation. Principles and Techniques.

Roberts¹,

Hawkes²

1979

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“…This approach does not, however, remove the inherent difficulties. A lubricant introduces problems in controlling the degree of restraint (Hawkes and Mellor 1970), while the deformable material generally violates all the requirements for an ideal platen. The following example illustrates this point.…”

Section: Problems In Designing a Proper Platenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a loading platen for testing ice and frozen soil

Law¹

1978

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences &am

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. Geotechnical Journal, 14, 2, pp. 266-271, 1977-05 Design of a loading platen for testing ice and frozen soil Law, K. T. A critical review of the problems associated with the design of an ideal platen for uniaxial loading tests is presented. A method of design based on an analytical approach is then formulated. The method permits a liberal choice of material for constructing the platen, which consists mainly of a low modulus plug confined in a metallic ring. A finite element approach has been employed to substantiate the proposed method. Practical design aspects are also discussed. CanadianOn prksente une analyse critique des problbmes associes au dessin d'une plaque de t2te ideale pour des essais de chargement uniaxial. Une mkthode de calcul basie sur une approche analytique est formulee. La m6thode permet un vaste choix de materiaux pour la fabrication de la plaque qui consiste essentiellement en un element B faible module confine dans un anneau metallique. Une analyse par elements finis aete utilide pour confirmer la methode proposee. Les aspects pratiques du design sont tgalement discutes.[Traduit par la revue]Can. Geotech. J.. 14.266(1977)Introduction Law (1977) has made an analysis of the case of uniaxial loading on a cylindrical specimen of frozen soil or ice using a compliant platen, consisting of a low modulus plug confined in a steel ring of diameter slightly larger than that of the specimen (Fig. 1). It was found that for a specimen length-to-diameter ratio equal to 2, satisfactory values of the modulus of compression E, Poisson's ratio V, and the strength of the material could be obtained if the axial strain was measured for the middle half of the specimen. The analysis, however, did show that significant nonuniform stress and strain still exist at the specimenplaten interface. If higher quality testing is required, if only a short specimen is available,

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Uniaxial testing in rock mechanics laboratories

Cited by 275 publications

References 45 publications

Numerical simulation of rock fracture using three-dimensional extended discrete element method

Numerical simulation of rock fracture using three-dimensional extended discrete element method

Photoelastic Instrumentation. Principles and Techniques.

Design of a loading platen for testing ice and frozen soil

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