Uniformly Shaped Poly(p‐phenylenediamine) Microparticles: Shape‐controlled Synthesis and Their Potential Application for the Removal of Lead Ions from Water

Abstract

A novel method for the shape‐controlled synthesis of uniformly‐shaped poly(p‐phenylenediamine) (PpPD) microparticles with different morphologies under ambient condition has been developed using HAuCl4 as an oxidant and poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a surfactant. The results demonstrate that the morphologies of these microparticles can be varied from symmetrical spindle‐like to diamond‐like, centrosymmetric leaf‐like, and parallelogram‐like by tuning the concentration of reactants and their molar ratios. The length of these microparticles varies from 6 to 8 µm while the width can be tuned from 2 to 4 µm. The results demonstrate that PVP as a surfactant only plays a role in controlling the morphology of the polymer particles but has no influence on the polymer structures. UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy shows the formation of a complex between polymer ligands and lead ions by detection of new absorption peaks. Even though the as‐prepared PpPD microparticles are only partly soluble, they still show an adsorptive affinity for lead ions.

Highly efficient adsorbents of poly(o-phenylenediamine) solid and hollow sub-microspheres towards lead ions: A comparative study

“…This is also the same trend in the case of PoPD solid sub-microspheres. This phenomenon is also seen when poly(p-phenylenediamine) microparticles are used as adsorbent for Pb(II) ions [31]. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well-understood so far.…”

“…As for Pb(II) ions adsorption capacity, it is seen to decrease with increasing adsorbent dosage. What's surprising is the adsorption capacity can reach as high as 4700 mg g À1 together with adsorptivity of 86.5% for PoPD hollow sub-microspheres and 3295 mg g À1 together with adsorptivity of 58.0% for PoPD solid sub-microspheres, which are much higher values than those of other materials [16,17,[28][29][30][31]34,35].…”

“…Additional amino group introduced in aniline monomer for further polymerization to afford a polymer with abundant amine and imine groups is one the most efficient choices. Poly(phenylenediamine) [16,17,[28][29][30][31], poly (1,8-diaminonaphthalene) [32,33] and their copolymers [34,35] particulates with size of micrometers have been employed as effective adsorbents for lots of heavy-metal ions, such as Pb(II), Hg(II), Cr(III), Ag(I), Cu(II), etc. However, most of the literatures are focus on synthesis of multifunctional polymers and adsorption mechanisms [28] while size and morphology of adsorbents are almost neglected, and comparative investigations on morphology-dependent heavymetal ions adsorption behaviors are rarely seen possibly due to challenge of morphology control of PANI derivatives or copolymers.…”

Diaminium salt as reactive amphiphile for the synthesis of poly(m-phenylenediamine) and paraffin microencapsulation

“…PPDA with microstructure, for example, nanorods, nanospheres, leaf-like, petal-like, diamond-like microparticles, multi-angula microrods, or dendalion-like microparticles, have been reported. In these, pH, oxidizing agent concentration, oxidizing agent to monomer molar ratio, or surface additives (surfactants or water-soluble polymers) were the shape driving conditions [5,11,24,47,48]. This indicates that diverse variables determine microstructure, most of them not related with the monomer itself.…”

“…They found that Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00396-015-3667-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. the presence of PVP is an important condition in microstructure control (spindle-like, diamond-like, centrosymmetric leaf-like, and parallelogram-like) [11]. The group of Sun et al synthesized core-shell composites using silver nanoparticles as the shell.…”