Unique gut microbiome signatures among adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in southern Chinese

Abstract

Imbalance of the immune system caused by alterations of gut microbiome is considered to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of infant eczema but the exact role of the gut microbiome in adult atopic dermatitis (AD) patients remains to be clarified. To investigate the differences of the gut microbiome between adult AD patients and healthy individuals, stool samples of 234 adults, containing 104 AD patients and 130 healthy subjects were collected for amplicon sequencing. Altered structure and metabolic dysfunctions of the gut microbiome were identified in adult AD patients. Our results illustrated that the adult AD patients were more likely to have allergies, particularly non-food allergies. And the gut microbiome composition of the AD and normal groups were considerably different. Besides, Romboutsia and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was enriched in the normal group, whereas Blautia, Butyricicoccus, Lachnoclostridium, Eubacterium_hallii_group, Erysipelatoclostridium, Megasphaera, Oscillibacter, Flavonifractor were dominated in the AD group. Moreover, purine nucleotide degradation pathways were significantly enriched in the AD group and the enrichment of proteinogenic amino acid biosynthesis pathways was found in the normal group. This study provides insights into new therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome for AD and evidence for the involvement of gut-skin axis in AD patients.

Effect of a Novel E3 Probiotics Formula on the Gut Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: A Pilot Study

“…Most importantly, the gut microbiome signatures among responders substantially overlapped with the gut microbiome signatures of AD patients previously reported by our group [ 100 ]. In particular, depletion of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 , Romboutsia , and Erysipelatrichaceae UCG-003 were detected in AD patients compared with healthy subjects, and their relative abundance were shown to be inversely correlated with AD severity.…”

“…Reddel and colleagues conducted a 90-day gut microbiota profile with 3 time points recorded in 18 child AD patients from Italy [ 81 ], but further investigation to record the temporal evolution of gut microbiome composition and the persistence of probiotics in human gut upon the course of probiotics could potentially exacerbate the scientific ground for oral administration of probiotics for skin disease symptoms alleviation. Given the disparity of gut microbiome profile between mild and severe AD patients as previously reported [ 100 ], the impact of probiotics on the gut flora were expected to be inherently dissimilar, implying the potential of personalized probiotics blend [ 103 , 104 ] to improve efficacy with baseline and following microbiome profiling. Despite the fact that MCID could not be reached in this cohort, likely due to the relatively small sample size, it lays the foundation to incorporate probiotics into the management of AD patients.…”

Evaluating the Adjuvant Therapeutic Effects of Probiotic Strains Lactococcus cremoris and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on Canine Atopic Dermatitis and Their Impact on the Gut and Skin Microbiome

“…Currently, there is no definitive conclusion regarding whether atopic dermatitis leads to a decrease in gut microbiota diversity. While most literature suggests that AD patients exhibit reduced gut microbiota diversity compared to healthy individuals [25][26][27], some studies show no difference between the two groups [28,29]. Based on the analysis of weighted UniFrac distance, αdiversity, and β-diversity, it is inferred that LCP use did not significantly affect the core microbiota of dogs.…”

Targeting the Gut Microbiome for Atopic Dermatitis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

“…Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease affecting millions globally, notably children; its prevalence appears to rise. 1,2 Researchers estimate that 15-20% of children and 1-3% of adults worldwide grapple with this condition. 3 Some children may outgrow AD, but a significant proportion could advance to conditions such as allergic asthma and rhinitis.…”

“…8 The role of gut microbiota and its connection to the "gutskin" axis features prominently in studies on AD pathophysiology among these contributing factors. 1,4 Trillions of microorganisms that inhabit our gastrointestinal tract -constituting the gut microbiota, have garnered increasing recognition for their profound impact on both overall health and immune function: they play a crucial role in diet metabolism; and stimulate the intestinal immune response, thus offering protection against pathogenic microorganisms. 9,10 Several recent reports hint at an intriguing aspect of the potential influence of these gut flora populations over allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy and even asthma.…”