Unique Hard Scleral Lens Post-LASIK Ectasia Fitting

Mahadevan, Rajeswari; Jagadeesh, Divya; Rajan, Rajni; Arumugam, Amudha Oli; Foong, Chan; Habib, Amyn A.; White, Charles L.

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000170

Cited by 51 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…None of the cases with CA1 lesions bordering CA2 presented with TDP‐43 or neurites. Our findings are in line with the location of hypoxic lesions reported in animal studies 40, 48, as well as results reported by Hatanpaa et al 23, who observed epilepsy‐associated and ischemic injury to be common in the proximal and middle CA1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Based on the morphology and its strong association with hippocampal TDP‐43 pathology, this focal neuron loss in the end of CA1 is hypothesized to be of primary neurodegenerative origin. In line with these results, Hatanpaa et al 23 described severe neuron loss in FTLD to be consistently located in the distal CA1. Our findings on more extensive CA1 neuron loss reflect the pattern observed in focal lesions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Hippocampal sclerosis, hippocampal neuron loss patterns and TDP‐43 in the aged population

et al. 2017

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Hippocampal neuron loss is a common neuropathological feature in old age with various underlying etiologies. Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS‐Aging) is neuropathologically characterized by severe CA1 neuronal loss and frequent presence of transactive response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) aggregations. Its etiology is unclear and currently no standardized approaches to measure HS‐Aging exist. We developed a semi‐quantitative protocol, which captures various hippocampal neuron loss patterns, and compared their occurrence in the context of HS‐Aging, TDP‐43, vascular and tau pathology in 672 brains (TDP‐43 staining n = 642/672, 96%) donated for the population‐based Cambridge City over‐75s Cohort and the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. HS‐Aging was first evaluated independently from the protocol using the most common criteria defined in literature, and then described in detail through examination of neuron loss patterns and associated pathologies. 34 (5%) cases were identified, with a maximum of five pyramidal neurons in each of over half CA1 fields‐of‐view (x200 magnification), no vascular damage, no neuron loss in CA2‐CA4, but consistent TDP‐43 neuronal solid inclusions and neurites. We also report focal CA1 neuron loss with vascular pathology to affect predominantly CA1 bordering CA2 (Fisher's exact, P = 0.009), whereas neuron loss in the subicular end of CA1 was associated with TDP‐43 inclusions (Fisher's exact, P < 0.001) and high Braak stage (Fisher's exact, P = 0.001). Hippocampal neuron loss in CA4‐CA2 was not associated with TDP‐43. We conclude that hippocampal neuron loss patterns are associated with different etiologies within CA1, and propose that these patterns can be used to form objective criteria for HS‐Aging diagnosis. Finally, based on our results we hypothesize that neuron loss leading to HS‐Aging starts from the subicular end of CA1 when it is associated with TDP‐43 pathology, and that this neurodegenerative process is likely to be significantly more common than “end‐stage” HS‐Aging only.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Hippocampal sclerosis, hippocampal neuron loss patterns and TDP‐43 in the aged population

et al. 2017

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“…Whether full recovery is achieved or not, sustaining a TBI has been implicated as a risk factor for later development of neurodegenerative disorders, 3 including Alzheimer disease (AD) [3,4], with evidence demonstrating that risk increases with greater length of loss of consciousness [5,6] and severity [7]. In addition, repetitive mild TBIs have been controversially linked to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) [8,9], and while this link remains in question, recent evidence has shown that mild TBI may invoke a higher risk for dementia [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Increased Risk and Earlier Age of Diagnosis

LoBue

Denney

Hynan

et al. 2016

JAD

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This study examined whether history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased risk and earlier onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Subjects with MCI (n =3,187) and normal cognition (n=3,244) were obtained from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database. TBI was categorized based on lifetime reported TBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) without chronic deficit. Logistic regression was used to examine TBI history as a predictor of MCI, adjusted for demographics, apolipoprotein E-e4 (Apoe4), a composite vascular risk score, and history of psychiatric factors. ANCOVA was used to examine whether age at MCI diagnosis and estimated age of onset differed between those with (TBI+) and without (TBI-) a history of TBI. TBI history was a significant predictor (p<.01) and associated with increased odds of MCI diagnosis in unadjusted (OR=1.25; 95% CI =1.05 – 1.49) and adjusted models, accounting for age, education, Apoe4, and a composite vascular score (OR=1.32; 95% CI=1.10 – 1.58). This association, however, was largely attenuated (OR=1.14; 95% CI=0.94 – 1.37; p=.18) after adjustment for reported history of depression. MCI was diagnosed a mean of 2.3 years earlier (p<.001) in the TBI+ group, and although TBI+ subjects had an estimated mean of decline 1.7 years earlier, clinician-estimated age of onset failed to differ (p =.13) when sex and psychiatric factors were controlled. This is the first report of a possible role for TBI as a risk factor in MCI, but its association may be related to other factors such as sex and depression and requires further investigation.

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“…Although the actual existence of CTBI/CTE as distinct entity has been questioned (19), the essential neuropathological features of what had previously been called Dementia Pugilistica in ex-boxers (and is now usually referred to as CTE) had been described in the 1970s (20). Recently, an unprecedented interest in CTBI/CTE was triggered by case reports of CTE in well-known ex-NFL players (21, 22), as well as neuroimaging studies in aging NFL players (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sparring and Neurological Function in Professional Boxers

Stiller

Brenner

et al. 2014

Front. Public Health

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Despite increased interest regarding the potentially long-term negative impact of chronic traumatic brain injury, limited research has been conducted regarding such injuries and neurological outcomes in real world settings. To increase understanding regarding the relationship between sparring (e.g., training under the tutelage of an experienced boxing coach for the purpose of improving skills and/or fitness) and neurological functioning, professional boxers (n = 237) who competed in Maryland between 2003 and 2008 completed measures regarding sparring exposure (Cumulative Sparring Index, CSI) and performance on tests of cognition (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT) and balance (Sharpened Romberg Test, SRT). Measures were completed prior to boxing matches. Higher scores on the CSI (increased sparring exposure) were associated with poorer performance on both tests of cognition (SDMT) and balance (SRT). A threshold effect was noted regarding performance on the SDMT, with those reporting CSI values greater than about 150 experiencing a decline in cognition. A history of frequent and/or intense sparring may pose a significant risk for developing boxing associated neurological sequelae. Implementing administration of clinically meaningful tests before bouts, such as the CSI, SDMT, and/or the SRT, as well as documentation of results into the boxer’s physicals or medical profiles may be an important step for improving boxing safety.

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Unique Hard Scleral Lens Post-LASIK Ectasia Fitting

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Hippocampal sclerosis, hippocampal neuron loss patterns and TDP‐43 in the aged population

Hippocampal sclerosis, hippocampal neuron loss patterns and TDP‐43 in the aged population

Self-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Increased Risk and Earlier Age of Diagnosis

Sparring and Neurological Function in Professional Boxers

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