Universal Counterforensics of Multiple Compressed JPEG Images

Barni, Mauro; Fontani, Marco; Tondi, Benedetta

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19321-2_3

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Recently, universal approaches are developed in such a way to be useful versus a whole class of forensic classifiers . Barni et al (2014) proposed a CF method that performs multiple compression undetectable based on investigating the histogram DCT coefficients. This approach removes double and multiple compression artifacts, while the visual quality of the image keeps high.…”

Section: • Attacker's Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of machine learning techniques in adversarial image forensics

Nowroozi¹,

Dehghantanha²,

Parizi³

et al. 2021

Computers & Security

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Image forensic plays a crucial role in both criminal investigations (e.g., dissemination of fake images to spread racial hate or false narratives about specific ethnicity groups or political campaigns) and civil litigation (e.g., defamation). Increasingly, machine learning approaches are also utilized in image forensics. However, there are also a number of limitations and vulnerabilities associated with machine learning-based approaches (e.g., how to detect adversarial (image) examples), and there are associated real-world consequences (e.g., inadmissible evidence, or wrongful conviction). Therefore, with a focus on image forensics, this paper surveys techniques that can be used to enhance the robustness of machine learning-based binary manipulation detectors in various adversarial scenarios.

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Section: • Attacker's Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of machine learning techniques in adversarial image forensics

Nowroozi¹,

Dehghantanha²,

Parizi³

et al. 2021

Computers & Security

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“…Hereafter we refer to such attacks as MPAs (Most Powerful Attacks), and the detector trained to recognise them MPA-aware detector. When the analysis is limited to first order statistics and the attack must satisfy a per-pixel distortion constraint, the optimum attack is known and the MPA corresponds to this attack (see [8] and [7] for attacks in the spatial and frequency domain respectively). The optimum attack in the DCT domain has been used in [10] to build an adversary-aware SVM, which was shown to be able to resist to other double JPEG counter-forensic attacks belonging to the same class, namely, first order attacks (e.g., the attack to the FSD coefficients [4], [5]).…”

Section: Mpa-aware Svm Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [4] and [5], counterforensic schemes were introduced to remove the artefacts of double compression in the distribution of the first significant digits (FSD) of the DCT coefficients thus making the detector fail [6]. In [7], a universal double JPEG attack against first order based detectors has been proposed, which extends to the DCT domain the universal attack in the pixel domain originally proposed in [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order, adversary-aware, double JPEG-detection via selected training on attacked samples

Bami

Nowroozi

Tondi

2017

2017 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

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Abstract-In this paper we present an adversary-aware double JPEG detector which is capable of detecting the presence of two JPEG compression steps even in the presence of heterogeneous processing and counter-forensic (C-F) attacks. The detector is based on an SVM classifier fed with a large number of features and trained to recognise the traces left by double JPEG detection in the presence of attacks. Since it is not possible to train the SVM on all possible kinds of processing and C-F attacks, a selected set of images, manipulated with a limited number of attacks is added to the training set. The processing tools used for training are chosen among those that proved to be most effective in disabling double JPEG detection. Experimental results prove that training on such a kind of most powerful attacks allows good detection in the presence of a much wider variety of attacks and processing. Good performance are retained over a wide range of compression quality factors.

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“…In [7], an anti-forensic method based on the SAZ was developed to deceive double JPEG compression detectors. In [8], a universal antiforensic method was developed, which had the ability of deceptive detectors for the multiple-JPEG compression. Aforesaid approach, a multiple-compressed image like the DCT subband histograms were remapped so that the ensuing histograms look like a solitary compressed image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aforementioned anti-forensic method possesses well-built consequence in the consistency of forensic evaluation as it secrets the first compression traces to a huge scope. A counter-forensic method was developed to cover the multiple compressions traces due to the histograms analysis of quantized coefficients of DCT in [20]. This counter-forensic method has the ability to efficiently conceal the artifacts of double and triple JPEG compression and further offer an improved image visual quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Sine-Cosine Algorithm For Anti Forensics JPEG Compression

2020

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In the past few years, the extensive appropriate of the JPEG image in transfer, storage, etc are rising. In the image, to recognize the local tampering the lossy character of the JPEG compression leaves of traces that are done using forensic agents. Here, by the JPEG compression, a difficult anti-forensic approach is developed to get rid of the traces left in both the spatial domain and DCT. A new improved sine-cosine (ISC) technique is developed on presented compression of anti-forensic format to optimally evaluate the noise-like signal to be augmented in the de-calibration and de-blocking operation. Additionally, in the optimization algorithm, a novel fitness function named Histogram Deviation (HD) is devised to appropriately balance the quality of visual and the undetectability of forensic. The simulation of the proposed anti-forensic compression method is done from the UCID database with the uncompressed images. The evaluation of the proposed technique is analyzed with the conventional techniques exploiting MSE, PSNR, and accuracy of classification as metrics. The simulation results show potential consequences such as high accuracy and low MSE that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique is deceptive the forensic agents.

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Universal Counterforensics of Multiple Compressed JPEG Images

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

A survey of machine learning techniques in adversarial image forensics

A survey of machine learning techniques in adversarial image forensics

Higher-order, adversary-aware, double JPEG-detection via selected training on attacked samples

Improved Sine-Cosine Algorithm For Anti Forensics JPEG Compression

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