Universal description of channel plasmons in two-dimensional materials

Gonçalves, P. A. D.; Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.; Mortensen, N. Asger; Peres, N. M. R.

doi:10.1364/optica.4.000595

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…3a ). It is notable that the field intensity distribution profiles in the apex and valley regions are different because of the broken symmetry of the plasmonic resonance modes between the apex and valley due to the undulating subtrate 9 , 36 . The σ ext and quality factor ( Q -factor) were enhanced approximately twofold for the undulating substrate compared to the free-standing crumpled graphene (14.0 vs. 7.6% and 63.8 vs. 26.1) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically reconfigurable architectured graphene for tunable plasmonic resonances

et al. 2018

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Graphene nanostructures with complex geometries have been widely explored for plasmonic applications, as their plasmonic resonances exhibit high spatial confinement and gate tunability. However, edge effects in graphene and the narrow range over which plasmonic resonances can be tuned have limited the use of graphene in optical and optoelectronic applications. Here we present a novel approach to achieve mechanically reconfigurable and strongly resonant plasmonic structures based on crumpled graphene. Our calculations show that mechanical reconfiguration of crumpled graphene structures enables broad spectral tunability for plasmonic resonances from mid- to near-infrared, acting as a new tuning knob combined with conventional electrostatic gating. Furthermore, a continuous sheet of crumpled graphene shows strong confinement of plasmons, with a high near-field intensity enhancement of ~1 × 104. Finally, decay rates for a dipole emitter are significantly enhanced in the proximity of finite-area biaxially crumpled graphene flakes. Our findings indicate that crumpled graphene provides a platform to engineer graphene-based plasmonics through broadband manipulation of strong plasmonic resonances.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically reconfigurable architectured graphene for tunable plasmonic resonances

et al. 2018

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“…Moreover, owing to the extreme subwavelength confinement promoted by GPs, the nonretarded limit (defined by the absence of retardation effects) can be taken without any loss of accuracy in nearly all the relevant scenarios. In fact, treating plasmons in graphene within a nonretarded approach often constitutes an excellent approximation, as demonstrated in a number of works . In this vein, we take the nonretarded limit (i.e., q ≫ k 0 ) of Equation , thereby obtaining the nonretarded dispersion relation of graphene plasmons

q = \frac{2 i ω ε_{0} \bar{ε}}{σ (q, ω)}

where we have introduced the quantity

\bar{ε} = (ε_{1} + ε_{2}) / 2

without loss of generality .…”

Section: Graphene Plasmon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Gonçalves

Stenger

Cox

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polaritons, resulting from the hybridization of light with polarization charges formed at the boundaries between media with positive and negative dielectric response functions, can focus light into regions much smaller than its associated free‐space wavelength. This property is paramount for a plethora of applications in nanophotonics, ranging from biological sensing to photocatalysis to nonlinear and quantum optics. In the two‐dimensional (2D) limit, represented by atomically thin and van der Waals (vdW) materials of single‐layers bound by weak vdW attraction, polaritons are characterized by extremely small wavelengths associated with extreme optical confinement, and furthermore can exhibit long lifetimes, electrical tunability, and extreme sensitivity to their dielectric environment, among many other desirable qualities in nano‐optical device applications. Here, the fundamentals of polaritons in atomically thin materials are summarized, emphasizing plasmon and exciton polaritons, their strong light–matter interactions, and nonlinear plasmonics. More specifically, this review opens with a pedagogical discussion of plasmons in extended and nanostructured graphene, providing a classical electrodynamical model in a nonretarded theoretical framework, and the ultraconfined acoustic plasmons supported by hybrid graphene–dielectric–metal structures. In addition, the basic principles are introduced and the recent developments on nonlinear graphene plasmonics and on strong coupling physics with atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are reviewed. Finally, potentially new, promising research directions in the burgeoning field of 2D nanophotonics are identified.

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“…After investigating MPs in flat structures of monolayer BP, we now consider a nonplanar geometry in which the BP monolayer is folded into a wedge structure forming a triangular channel [21,22,25]. Compared to the plane and edge structures, a wedge structure composed of a 2D material provides a flexible way to tune the plasmon mode by the external magnetic field because the two wedge arms exhibit different responses for a given external magnetic field.…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetoplasmons in monolayer black phosphorus structures

et al. 2019

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Two-dimensional materials supporting deep-subwavelength plasmonic modes can also exhibit strong magnetooptical responses. Here, we theoretically investigate magnetoplasmons (MPs) in monolayer black phosphorus (BP) structures under moderate static magnetic fields. We consider three different structures, namely, a continuous BP monolayer, an edge formed by a semi-infinite sheet, and finally, a triangular wedge configuration. Each of these structures shows strongly anisotropic magneto-optical responses induced both by the external magnetic field and by the intrinsic anisotropy of the BP lattice. Starting from the magneto-optical conductivity of a single-layer of BP, we derive the dispersion relation of the MPs in the considered geometries, using a combination of analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical methods. We fully characterize the MP dispersions and the properties of the corresponding field distributions, and we show that these structures sustain strongly anisotropic subwavelength modes that are highly tunable. Our results demonstrate that MPs in monolayer BP, with its inherent lattice anisotropy as well as magnetically induced anisotropy, hold potential for tunable anisotropic materials operating below the diffraction limit, thereby paving the way for tailored nanophotonic devices at the nanoscale.

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Universal description of channel plasmons in two-dimensional materials

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Mechanically reconfigurable architectured graphene for tunable plasmonic resonances

Mechanically reconfigurable architectured graphene for tunable plasmonic resonances

Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Magnetoplasmons in monolayer black phosphorus structures

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