Universal Digital Quantum Simulation with Trapped Ions

Lanyon, B. P.; Hempel, Cornelius; Nigg, Daniel; Müller, Markus; Gerritsma, R.; Zähringer, F.; Schindler, Philipp; Barreiro, Julio T.; Rambach, Markus; Kirchmair, Gerhard; Hennrich, Markus; Zoller, P.; Blatt, R.; Roos, C. F.

doi:10.1126/science.1208001

Cited by 621 publications

(616 citation statements)

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“…The feasibility of universal digital quantum simulation with trapped ions has been demonstrated with 6 qubits and up to 100 gate operations in [86], where multispin interactions have also been implemented. While trapped ions offer a large degree of control of complicated interactions, these systems are still limited to a relatively small number of qubits and are hence currently not easily scalable.…”

Section: Digital Quantum Simulators For Z(2) and U (1) Gauge Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultracold quantum gases and lattice systems: quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories

2013

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Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories are of central importance in many areas of physics. In condensed matter physics, Abelian U(1) lattice gauge theories arise in the description of certain quantum spin liquids. In quantum information theory, Kitaev's toric code is a Z(2) lattice gauge theory. In particle physics, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the non-Abelian SU(3) gauge theory of the strong interactions between quarks and gluons, is nonperturbatively regularized on a lattice. Quantum link models extend the concept of lattice gauge theories beyond the Wilson formulation, and are well suited for both digital and analog quantum simulation using ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices. Since quantum simulators do not suffer from the notorious sign problem, they open the door to studies of the real-time evolution of strongly coupled quantum systems, which are impossible with classical simulation methods. A plethora of interesting lattice gauge theories suggests itself for quantum simulation, which should allow us to address very challenging problems, ranging from confinement and deconfinement, or chiral symmetry breaking and its restoration at finite baryon density, to color superconductivity and the real-time evolution of heavy-ion collisions, first in simpler model gauge theories and ultimately in QCD.

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Section: Digital Quantum Simulators For Z(2) and U (1) Gauge Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultracold quantum gases and lattice systems: quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories

2013

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“…For instance, when executing state-dependent forces as discussed above, the applied field can be adjusted to simulate variablerange Ising models with interaction strength falling off with a power law 1/r α as the physical distance r increases, where the exponent can be tuned between α = 0 (infinite-range) and α = 3 (dipole-dipole). 15,87,90 In addition, digital quantum simulation techniques, which apply a series of distinct control Hamiltonians in discrete time steps, can be applied to generate arbitrary spin models 91 and to control the underlying graph structure. 89 Ion-trap quantum simulations could assist our understanding of models of exotic materials (such as high-temperature superconductors), or even stimulate the search for new material properties that have not yet been observed.…”

Section: Topology Of Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-designing a scalable quantum computer with trapped atomic ions

2016

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The first generation of quantum computers are on the horizon, fabricated from quantum hardware platforms that may soon be able to tackle certain tasks that cannot be performed or modelled with conventional computers. These quantum devices will not likely be universal or fully programmable, but special-purpose processors whose hardware will be tightly co-designed with particular target applications. Trapped atomic ions are a leading platform for first-generation quantum computers, but they are also fundamentally scalable to more powerful general purpose devices in future generations. This is because trapped ion qubits are atomic clock standards that can be made identical to a part in 10 15 , and their quantum circuit connectivity can be reconfigured through the use of external fields, without modifying the arrangement or architecture of the qubits themselves. In this forwardlooking overview, we show how a modular quantum computer with thousands or more qubits can be engineered from ion crystals, and how the linkage between ion trap qubits might be tailored to a variety of applications and quantum-computing protocols. Quantum information processors have the potential to perform computational tasks that are difficult or impossible using conventional modes of computing. 1-3 In a radical departure from classical information, the qubits of a quantum computer can simultaneously store bit values 0 and 1, and when measured they probabilistically assume definite states. Many interacting qubits, isolated from their environment, can represent huge amounts of information: there are exponentially many binary numbers that can co-exist, with entangled qubit correlations that can behave as invisible wires between the qubits. Even in the face of Moore's Law, or the doubling in conventional computer power every year or two, the complexity of massively entangled quantum states of just a few hundred qubits can easily eclipse the capacity of classical information processing. 4 There are but a few known applications that exploit this quantum advantage, such as Shor's factoring algorithm, 5 and future quantum information processors will likely be applied to special-purpose applications. On the other hand, a quantum computer has not yet been built; therefore, new quantum applications and algorithms will likely follow from the evolution and capability of quantum hardware.In the 20 years since the advent of Shor's algorithm 5 and the discovery of quantum error correction, 6-8 there has been remarkable progress in demonstrations of entangling quantum gates on o10 qubits in certain physical systems. Current efforts aim to scale to hundreds, thousands or even millions of interacting qubits. Unlike the classical scaling of bits and logic gates, however, large quantum systems are not comparable to the behaviour of just a few qubits. Just because 2 or 4 qubits can be completely controlled with negligible errors does not mean that this system can readily scale to 4100 qubits.In the last few years, two particular quantum hardware platforms have e...

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“…(1). Our experimental and theoretical results may provide insight into other systems described by long-range spin models [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]-for example, magnetic atoms, Rydberg atoms, trapped ions, and excitons in solid state materials and molecules. In the future it will be fascinating to examine the development of correlations more directly and to explore transport and thermalization, or lack thereof, e.g., glassiness and many-body localization [48][49][50][51].…”

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confidence: 99%