Universal representations of evaporation modes in sessile droplets

Shaikeea, Angkur Jyoti Dipanka; Basu, Saptarshi; Tyagi, Abhishek; Sharma, Saksham; Hans, Rishabh; Bansal, Lalit

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184997

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Because modal downshift occurs on account of evaporation, T n ,CCA is approximately equal to the lifetime of the droplet in the CCA mode. It is well known that the rate of evaporation in the CCA mode is always lower than the CCR mode of evaporation . This is due to the fact that a given volume of droplet evolves toward a higher surface area in the CCR mode as compared to the CCA mode of evaporation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the rate of evaporation in the CCA mode is always lower than the CCR mode of evaporation. 44 This is due to the fact that a given volume of droplet evolves toward a higher surface area in the CCR mode as compared to the CCA mode of evaporation. This explains the difference between experimental and estimated droplet lifetimes.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaporation–Oscillation Driven Assembly: Microtailoring the Spatial Ordering of Particles in Sessile Droplets

et al. 2018

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This work explores the physical mechanism that can be used to control the final residual pattern of nanoparticles obtained from an evaporating-oscillating sessile droplet. To that end, the substrate is vibrated in the vertical direction with a constant amplitude, while the frequency of excitation is varied. It is found that evaporation progressively shifts the mode number of the oscillating droplet to lower values, while the oscillations enhance the rate of solvent loss, causing a reduction in the droplet lifetime. The coupling between evaporation and oscillation drives the internal flow through two distinct regimes. Initially, oscillation leads to inner flow recirculation, which delays the evaporation driven edge deposition of particles. Subsequently at lower modes, caused by solvent depletion, the effect of oscillation is weakened, which allows evaporation-driven flow to gain prominence and thus transport the dispersed particles to the contact line. We demonstrate here how this delay in particle migration can be controlled to engineer morphological changes in not just the resulting macroscopic aspect of the deposit but also its microstructure. We especially focus on the relatively unexplored microstructural pattern of deposits from evaporating−oscillating droplets. Using scanning electron micrograph and Voronoi tessellation of the final deposit, we show unique spatial variation in particle ordering at macro−micro length scales. Thus, droplet oscillation tunes the spatial extent of the particle ordering crucial in applications like photonic crystals and photonic glass.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation–Oscillation Driven Assembly: Microtailoring the Spatial Ordering of Particles in Sessile Droplets

et al. 2018

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“…Another intermediate mode-Stick-Slide (SS) or mixed mode is also commonly observed. Therefore, Saptarshi Basu et al, [26] are able to provide a graphical representation to these modes, named as MOE plot. Thus, various substrates can now be compared based on mode of evaporation, which are governed by fluid property and surface characteristics.…”

Section: Drying Droplets Phenomenon On the Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

Drying Droplets: A Review on its Numerical and Experimental Studies to Remove Coffee Ring Effect

Ying¹,

Ngali²,

Azmi³

et al. 2020

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It is widely known that significant rejection percentage of substrates in the hard disk manufacturing industry is due to the stain appeared during drying of cleaning solution after platting process. Comparison of the characteristics and the causes of these stains suggested that the study of coffee ring effect (CRE) and droplets analysis are needed before any further analysis is carried out. In this review on CRE and droplets, both numerical and experimental works were critically analyzed. Previous studies have highlighted that the drying process of the water droplets are affected by the properties of the water droplets, substrate and temperature. Manipulation of Constant Contact Angle, Constant Contact Radius, advanced contact angle and receding contact angle by varying the arrangement of the substrates and the position of the drying equipment is required to attain the optimum setup to eliminate CRE. Furthermore, manipulation of the temperature of the substrates can enhance the drying process of the droplets before the formation of CRE but the process must not change the properties of the substrates. CRE formation also depends on the properties of the substrates and water droplets. Changing the chemical properties substrates are not advisable to eliminate CRE due to its complex design of the substrates for data storing. All the numerical tests have to be performed according to correct procedures to ensure accurate and acceptance by the industries. Verified and validated results from the evaluation will help to accurately predict the real consequences for further optimization. Knowing that the formation of CRE is caused by the evaporating of the water droplets, we need to find ways to eliminate the formation of water droplets before the heating process, in order to eliminate CRE.

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“…For θ c > π / 18 , f (θ c ) = (0.00008957 + 0.633θ c + 0.116θ c 2 – 0.08878θ c 3 + 0.01033θ c 4 )/sin θ c , where θ c is the instantaneous contact angle (radians). However, the duration of each mode depends on the initial shape of the droplet and substrate roughness, which in turn affect the total evaporation time. This is simply due to the fact that a droplet following CCR mode evaporates the fastest (due to constant evaporation flux) while it takes maximum time in CCA mode (evaporation flux decreases) .…”

Section: Aspects Of the Natural Evaporation Of Colloidal Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Interfacial Processes at Mini-Micro-Nano Scales Using Sessile Droplet Architecture

et al. 2018

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Evaporating sessile functional droplets act as the fundamental building block that controls the cumulative outcome of many industrial and biological applications such as surface patterning, 3D printing, photonic crystals, and DNA sequencing, to name a few. Additionally, a drying single sessile droplet forms a high-throughput processing technique using low material volume which is especially suitable for medical diagnosis. A sessile droplet also provides an elementary platform to study and analyze fundamental interfacial processes at various length scales ranging from macroscopically observable wetting and evaporation to microfluidic transport to interparticle forces operating at a nanometric length scale. As an example, to ascertain the quality of 3D printing we must understand the fundamental interfacial processes at the droplet scale. In this article, we review the coupled physics of evaporation flow-contact-line-driven particle transport in sessile colloidal droplets and provide methodologies to control the same. Through natural alterations in droplet vaporization, one can change the evaporative pattern and contact line dynamics leading to internal flow which will modulate the final particle assembly in a nontrivial fashion. We further show that control over particle transport can also be exerted by external stimuli which can be thermal, mechanical oscillations, vapor confinement (walled or a fellow droplet), or chemical (surfactant-induced) in nature. For example, significant augmentation of an otherwise evaporation-driven particle transport in sessile droplets can be brought about simply through controlled interfacial oscillations. The ability to control the final morphologies by manipulating the governing interfacial mechanisms in the precursor stages of droplet drying makes it perfectly suitable for fabrication-, mixing-, and diagnostic-based applications.

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Universal representations of evaporation modes in sessile droplets

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Evaporation–Oscillation Driven Assembly: Microtailoring the Spatial Ordering of Particles in Sessile Droplets

Evaporation–Oscillation Driven Assembly: Microtailoring the Spatial Ordering of Particles in Sessile Droplets

Drying Droplets: A Review on its Numerical and Experimental Studies to Remove Coffee Ring Effect

Engineering Interfacial Processes at Mini-Micro-Nano Scales Using Sessile Droplet Architecture

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