“…Developing algebraic reasoning is important for all students, as algebra is considered by many to be a gateway to higher-level mathematics and eventual economic success, as higher-level mathematics build upon algebra as well as algebra is used in everyday life (Watt et al, 2016). Yet, the abstract nature of algebra creates unique challenges for some students, including students with disabilities (Ketterlin-Geller et al, 2019; Star et al, 2015; Watt et al, 2016). Transitioning from concrete arithmetic (e.g., 3 cats + 7 cats = ) to the symbolic algebra (e.g., 23m+5=9) is especially difficult for students with disabilities (Star et al, 2015).…”