“…Institutions may choose to measure TE through five measures (Mazandarani and Troudi, 2022): student learning outcomes (Fernández-García et al, 2021;Tuma, 2021), peer evaluation (Adnot et al, 2017), instructor self-evaluation (e.g., Brand, 1980;Klassen et al, 2021;Rupp and Susann Becker, 2021), observation (e.g., Cinnamon et al, 2021;Granström et al, 2023), and student evaluation of TE (SETE, (e.g., Gallagher, 2000;Griffith and Sovero, 2021;Pan et al, 2021;Sadeghi et al, 2021). However, as noted by Taylor and Thion (2023), TE is a construct that is rarely defined in the literature, and when it is, it is measured typically by either SETE or student objective measures.…”