Unlocking the Genetic Diversity within A Middle-East Panel of Durum Wheat Landraces for Adaptation to Semi-arid Climate

Abu-Zaitoun, Salam Y.; Chandrasekhar, Kottakota; Assili, Siwar; Shtaya, Munqez; Jamous, Rana M.; Mallah, Omar B.; Nashef, Kamal; Sela, Hanan; Distelfeld, Assaf; Al‐Hajaj, Nawal; Ali‐Shtayeh, Mohammed S.; Peleg, Zvi; Ben‐David, Roi

doi:10.3390/agronomy8100233

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2). Such a magnitude of the contribution of each of the first three PCs rightly agreed with the results of research conducted in 2014 [65], which indicated the contribution of the PC1, PC2, and PC3 as 25.9%, 17.1%, and 13.3%, respectively and that in 2018 [42] which found PC1, PC2 and PC3 contributing 45.13%, 17.85%, and 14.71%, respectively in wheat germplasm studied. Similar results were also obtained by other researchers [66 -71].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The results of multivariate cluster analyses revealed the existence of substantial variation among the durum wheat landrace accessions in the present study, which could be implied in the selection of appropriate accessions based on characters to be improved, as parents for producing transgressive segregants in a minimum period of time in the crop improvement program [42,74,75]. Accordingly, the accession PI 532306 of Al Dakhiliya can be chosen from the cluster-I as one of the parents for manipulating days to flowering with leaf sheath as identification marker; Similarly, PI 532291 and/ or PI 532 292 of Musandam can be chosen from cluster-II for improving grain weight with leaf color as marker-trait, PI 532239 of North Al-Batinah and/ or PI 532281 of Al Dakhiliya from cluster-III for improving spikelets/spike or grains/spike with coleoptile color as marker-trait, and PI 532303 or PI 532304 of Al-Dhofar governorate from cluster-IV for improving tiller number and grain length along with internode color as marker-trait.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…2). The graph also represents eigenvectors of the characters that greatly influence each axis of the PC1 and PC2 in terms of length that is proportional to its magnitude of influence on that axis [29,41,42]. Accordingly, quadrant I (+,+) consisting of four accessions viz.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity of Omani Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum sub sp. durum) Landraces

Lawati¹,

Nadaf²,

Al-Saady³

et al. 2021

TOASJ

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Introduction: The Sultanate of Oman is rich in diversity of the most important crops like wheat, which not only has a global significance but is also regarded as one of the strategic crops in the country. The country has an ancient cultivation history of both bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.s.l.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum sub sp. durum) because of its characteristic location on the eastern edge of the Arabian Peninsula. Wheat landraces constitute the prime genetic resources of cultivated wheat not only in Oman but also in several MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) countries. Indigenous landraces have paramount significance for their potential utilization in crop improvement and conservation programs. Hence, the present study was undertaken to subject 17 indigenous durum wheat accessions for analyses of diversity to select parents for hybridization in national crop improvement programs. Materials and Methods: The trial was conducted consecutively for two cropping seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) during winter from November to March on the layouts of a loamy soil site under sprinkler irrigation system in Augmented Design with five check varieties replicated five times randomized and distributed throughout the experimental area under spacing and crop husbandry practices as per national recommendations. The data on 9 quantitative (Plant descriptors) and 6 qualitative traits on the presence (score 1) or absence (score 0) of pigmentation on 6 plant parts were collected. These traits were subjected to both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to comprehend the contribution of these characters towards diversity and form prime diverse clusters from 17 indigenous durum wheat landraces to select appropriate parents for crossing. Results: The results indicated that indigenous durum wheat accessions were significantly different (p>0.05) with respect to all the quantitative characters except the number of tillers. Of 36 combinations of associations among 9 agro-morphological characters’ studied, only six correlations involving four characters viz. tiller no., spikelets/ spike, grains/spike, and grain length were found significant (p<0.05). The results of two multivariate analyses indicated the formation of four diverse clusters with different compositions of accessions, thus not supporting each other in discerning diversity. The parents were selected for hybridization for improving characters of growth for higher yield or productivity with one or two identifying markers of pigmentation on plant parts. Conclusion: The indigenous durum wheat landraces / accessions were found to be more diverse and potential for use in the national crop improvement programs for higher productivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Genetic Diversity of Omani Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum sub sp. durum) Landraces

Lawati¹,

Nadaf²,

Al-Saady³

et al. 2021

TOASJ

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“…Population structure and genetic diversity have been studied in several modern and landrace collections of durum wheat. Many studies have focused on panels from a restricted country/area such as landraces from Southern Italy ( Marzario et al, 2018 ), Iran ( Talebi and Fayaz, 2016 ), Spain ( Giraldo et al, 2016 ), Tunisia ( Robbana et al, 2019 ; Slim et al, 2019 ), Turkey and Syria ( Baloch et al, 2017 ), Palestine, Jordan and Israel ( Abu-Zaitoun et al, 2018 ), or specific breeding programs ( N’Diaye et al, 2018 ). Others have considered durum wheat collections of wider origin encompassing a few hundred entries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles

Mazzucotelli¹,

Sciara²,

Mastrangelo³

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Representative, broad and diverse collections are a primary resource to dissect genetic diversity and meet pre-breeding and breeding goals through the identification of beneficial alleles for target traits. From 2,500 tetraploid wheat accessions obtained through an international collaborative effort, a Global Durum wheat Panel (GDP) of 1,011 genotypes was assembled that captured 94–97% of the original diversity. The GDP consists of a wide representation of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum modern germplasm and landraces, along with a selection of emmer and primitive tetraploid wheats to maximize diversity. GDP accessions were genotyped using the wheat iSelect 90K SNP array. Among modern durum accessions, breeding programs from Italy, France and Central Asia provided the highest level of genetic diversity, with only a moderate decrease in genetic diversity observed across nearly 50 years of breeding (1970–2018). Further, the breeding programs from Europe had the largest sets of unique alleles. LD was lower in the landraces (0.4 Mbp) than in modern germplasm (1.8 Mbp) at r2 = 0.5. ADMIXTURE analysis of modern germplasm defined a minimum of 13 distinct genetic clusters (k), which could be traced to the breeding program of origin. Chromosome regions putatively subjected to strong selection pressure were identified from fixation index (Fst) and diversity reduction index (DRI) metrics in pairwise comparisons among decades of release and breeding programs. Clusters of putative selection sweeps (PSW) were identified as co-localized with major loci controlling phenology (Ppd and Vrn), plant height (Rht) and quality (gliadins and glutenins), underlining the role of the corresponding genes as driving elements in modern breeding. Public seed availability and deep genetic characterization of the GDP make this collection a unique and ideal resource to identify and map useful genetic diversity at loci of interest to any breeding program.

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“…All these negative influences threaten the sustainability of grain crop production. Decreased wheat productivity has caused devastating economic and sociological impacts [4]. In particular, the steady rise in population, loss of agricultural lands to sustainable urbanization, and decrease in resource availability owing to climate change pose serious threats to the safe production of wheat [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection criteria for high-yielding and early-flowering bread wheat hybrids under heat stress

et al. 2020

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Hybrid performance during wheat breeding can be improved by analyzing genetic distance (GD) among wheat genotypes and determining its correlation with heterosis. This study evaluated the GD between 16 wheat genotypes by using 60 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to classify them according to their relationships and select those with greater genetic diversity, evaluate the correlation of the SSR marker distance with heterotic performance and specific combining ability (SCA) for heat stress tolerance, and identify traits that most influence grain yield (GY). Eight parental genotypes with greater genetic diversity and their 28 F 1 hybrids generated using diallel crossing were evaluated for 12 measured traits in two seasons. The GD varied from 0.235 to 0.911 across the 16 genotypes. Cluster analysis based on the GD estimated using SSRs classified the genotypes into three major groups and six subgroups , almost consistent with the results of principal coordinate analysis. The combined data indicated that five hybrids showed 20% greater yield than mid-parent or better-parent. Two hybrids (P2 × P4) and (P2 × P5), which showed the highest performance of days to heading (DH), grain filling duration (GFD), and GY, and had large genetic diversity among themselves (0.883 and 0.911, respectively), were deemed as promising heat-tolerant hybrids. They showed the best mid-parent heterosis and better-parent heterosis (BPH) for DH (-11.57 and-7.65%;-13.39 and-8.36%, respectively), GFD (12.74 and 12.17%; 12.09 and 10.59%, respectively), and GY (36.04 and 20.04%; 44.06 and 37.73%, respectively). Correlation between GD and each of BPH and SCA effects based on SSR markers was significantly positive for GFD, hundred kernel weight, number of kernels per spike, harvest index, GY, and grain filling rate and was significantly negative for DH. These correlations indicate that the performance of wheat hybrids with high GY and earliness could be predicted by determining the GD of the parents by using SSR markers. Multivariate analysis (stepwise regression and path coefficient) suggested that GFD, hundred kernel weight, days to maturity, and number of kernels per spike had the highest influence on GY.

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Unlocking the Genetic Diversity within A Middle-East Panel of Durum Wheat Landraces for Adaptation to Semi-arid Climate

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Genetic Diversity of Omani Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum sub sp. durum) Landraces

Genetic Diversity of Omani Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum sub sp. durum) Landraces

The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles

Selection criteria for high-yielding and early-flowering bread wheat hybrids under heat stress

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