“…Due to current shunting of the metallic FMs and potential confounding effects of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) or anomalous Hall effect (AHE), the reported values of SH vary significantly, sometimes by more than one order of magnitude for the same materials [14]. Here we report a systematic study of FMR spin pumping from insulating Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) epitaxial thin films grown by sputtering [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] into six normal metals, Cu, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and Au, that span a wide range in two key parameters: a factor of ~50 in spin-orbit coupling strength [23] and over two orders of magnitude variation in spin diffusion length ( SD ) [4,[24][25][26]. Due to their weak spin-orbit coupling and relatively long spin diffusion lengths, Cu and Ag present a significant challenge for ISHE detection of spin pumping.…”