Unmyelinated nociceptive units in two skin areas of the rat

Fleischer, E.; Handwerker, H. O.; Joukhadar, S.

doi:10.1016/0304-3959(84)90853-4

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…SP release causing plasma protein leakage could be due to a direct activation of sensory nerve endings by heat (Fleischer et al, 1983). In this context it is interesting to note that the threshold temperature for heat-induced plasma extravasation was 45°C which is identical with the threshold for excitation of polymodal nociceptors (see Fleischer et al, 1983). This further indicates the involvement of sensory neurones and supports the hypothesis of Celander & Folkow (1953) that only nociceptive afferent fibres are provided with the axon reflex arrangement responsible for neurogenic inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…At 55°C and 60°C plasma extravasation was probably maximal, which would explain the lack of effect of guanethidine. SP release causing plasma protein leakage could be due to a direct activation of sensory nerve endings by heat (Fleischer et al, 1983). In this context it is interesting to note that the threshold temperature for heat-induced plasma extravasation was 45°C which is identical with the threshold for excitation of polymodal nociceptors (see Fleischer et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Substance P in sensory nerve fibres contributes to the development of oedema in the rat hind paw after thermal injury

Saria¹

1984

British J Pharmacology

114

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1 Immersion of the hind paws of anaesthetized rats in hot water for 5 min induced massive plasma protein leakage as indicated by extravasation of Evans blue dye in the skin. The threshold temperature which caused noticeable plasma extravasation was 45°C, a maximal response was obtained between 55°C and 60°C. 2 Pretreatment of rats 2 days after birth with 50mg kg-capsaicin significantly reduced the Evans blue extravasation induced by hot water at 50°C, 55°C and 60°C, whereas guanethidine pretreatment 24 h before the experiment caused a significantly increased response at 40°C, 45°C and 50°C. 3 When Evans blue was injected between 10 and 120 min after immersion of the paw in hot water, a significant extravasation of the dye was no longer detectable. However, the weight of the paw as well as the weight of the piece of skin taken for Evans blue quantification increased during this period indicating the progressive development of oedema in the skin and underlying tissues. 4 In rats treated with capsaicin as neonates, the increase in paw weight after immersion in water of 50°C for 5 min was significantly delayed during the first hour, but there was no difference after two hours.5 In rats pretreated with D-Argt,D-Pro2,D-Trp7'9, Leull-substance P, a substance P (SP) antagonist, the Evans blue extravasation was significantly reduced. However, the response, which remained in rats treated with capsaicin as neonates was not blocked by the SP-antagonist. 6 It is concluded that activation of peripheral branches of sensory SP neurones contributes to the initial massive protein extravasation and to the subsequent rate of development of oedema following heat injury. Release of histamine did not significantly contribute to this response at the lower temperatures, although the response was reduced by histamine receptor blocking drugs at 55°C and 60°C. Decreasing the sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone by guanethidine resulted in an increased response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Substance P in sensory nerve fibres contributes to the development of oedema in the rat hind paw after thermal injury

Saria¹

1984

British J Pharmacology

114

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“…A change of movement pattern would produce a corresponding change in the sensory feedback that ensues on muscle contraction, because the feedback from most cutaneous mechanoreceptors reflects the change in load on the skin surface (Fleischer et al, 1983;Willis and Coggeshall, 1991;Leem et al, 1993). The change of receptive fields corresponded to the induced changes of the movement patterns of the manipulated muscles.…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Postnatal Tuning Of Withdrawal Refmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Adaptation of Rat Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes after Neonatal Tendon Transfer

Holmberg

Schouenborg

et al. 1997

J. Neurosci.

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Nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWRs) were studied in adult rats in which the movement patterns produced by single muscles had been altered by neonatal tendon transfer. NWRs evoked by cutaneous noxious mechanical and thermal (CO 2 -laser) stimulation were recorded using electromyography in a decerebrate spinal preparation. The sensitivity distribution within the receptive fields of the NWRs of the extensor digitorum longus and the peronei muscles exhibited changes corresponding to the altered movement patterns. No detectable change of NWRs was found in normal muscles whose receptive fields overlapped that of the modified muscle. Furthermore, NWRs of muscles that regained an essentially normal function after neonatal tendon transfer did not differ from normal. It is proposed that a developmental experience-dependent mechanism, which takes into account the hindlimb movement pattern caused by contraction of single muscles, underlies the functionally adapted organization of adult NWRs.

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“…In Perk (1968) study of primate mechanoreceptors, only hairy skin receptors were found to be responsive to sudden cooling of their receptive fields. LaMotte and Thalhammer (1982) found no difference i n the responsiveness of hairy and glabrous skin A6-PMNs, C-PMNs or HCRs to noxious cold stimulation.Findings on the differential effects of innocuous warm and noxious heat on hairy and glabrous skin receptors is mixed, with some groups (Campbell & Meyer, 1983; Treede er al.1995) but not others (Fleischer et al 1983;Lynn & Shakhanbeh, 1988) finding differences between the two receptor types. Campbell and Meyer (1983) observed that hairy but not glabrous CMHs were sensitized to successive heat trials, which included a decrease in the thermal thresholds of hairy skin receptors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cold-evoked pain varies with skin type and cooling rate: a psychophysical study in humans

Harrison

Davis

1999

Pain

118

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e-g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contad UMI directly to order. The author has granted a non-L'auteur a accorde m e licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to ~ibliothe~ue nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format Bectronique.The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. thesis nor substantial extracts f?om it Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent Etre imprimes reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission.autorisation. AbstractThis thesis examined the effect of skin type and cooling rate on the intensity, quality and timecourse of cold-evoked pain in normal human subjects.Cold stimuii were delivered to the thenar eminence (glabrous skin) and the dorso-lateral hand (hrury skin) via a 9cm2 Peltier-type stimulator. Cold and pain thresholds were determined by the method of Limits. A computerized visual analogue scale was used to obtain continuous ratings of pain intensity and affect. The McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to assess the quality of cold-evoked pain.Supra-threshold stimuli (34°C base) were delivered at 0.5, 1 or 2"C/s to 2"C, held for 20s and returned to baseline at g°C/s.These studies revealed: (1) Cold and cold-induced pain thresholds were lower (e.g. occurred at a higher temperature) for hairy compared to glabrous skin. (2) Power function exponents for suprathreshold ratings were larger for gl...

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Unmyelinated nociceptive units in two skin areas of the rat

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Substance P in sensory nerve fibres contributes to the development of oedema in the rat hind paw after thermal injury

Substance P in sensory nerve fibres contributes to the development of oedema in the rat hind paw after thermal injury

Developmental Adaptation of Rat Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes after Neonatal Tendon Transfer

Cold-evoked pain varies with skin type and cooling rate: a psychophysical study in humans

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