Unpacking and validating the “cell membrane” core concept of physiology by an Australian team

Abstract

A task force of physiology educators from 25 Australian universities generated an Australia-wide consensus on seven core concepts for physiology curricula. One adopted core concept was 'Cell membrane', defined as 'Cell membranes determine what substances enter or leave the cell and its organelles. They are essential for cell signaling, transport, and other cellular functions'. This concept was unpacked by a team of three Australian physiology educators into four themes and 33 sub-themes arranged in a hierarchical structure up to five levels deep. The four themes related to defining the cell membrane, cell membrane structure, transport across cell membranes and cell membrane potentials. Subsequently, 22 physiology educators with a broad range of teaching experience reviewed and assessed the 37 themes and sub-themes for importance for students to understand and level of difficulty for students on a 5-point Likert scale. The majority (28) of items evaluated were rated as either Essential or Important. Theme 2 (cell membrane structure) was rated as less important than the other 3 themes. Theme 4 (membrane potentials) was rated most difficult, while theme 1 (defining cell membranes) was rated as the easiest. The importance of cell membranes as a key aspect of biomedical education received strong support from Australian educators. The unpacking of the themes and sub-themes within the cell membrane core concept provides guidance in the development of curricula and should facilitate better identification of the more challenging aspects within this core concept and help inform the time and resources required to support student learning.

Terahertz Radiation Modulates Neuronal Morphology and Dynamics Properties

“…When terahertz radiation of different frequencies passes through the cell membrane, the molecules on the membrane will produce different time delays and vibrational absorption, showing the dielectric response properties of the cell membrane in the terahertz band [ 32 ]. The transmembrane transport of molecules and ions across the cell membrane maintains the basic metabolism of the cell, the homeostatic environment, and the function of a variety of biological activities, and it is also the only way for material exchange to occur between the internal and external environments of the cell [ 33 , 34 ]. Terahertz radiation can cause changes in the distribution of bioelectric fields in the cellular region, which, in turn, affects the state of the voltage-gated ion channels on the cell membrane to open and close.…”