Unpredictable tensile strength biomechanics may limit thawed cadaver use for simulant research

Maiden, Nicholas R.; Byard, Roger W.

doi:10.1080/00450618.2015.1025842

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Human cadavers are an important source of tissue specimens, often used to study their biomechanical properties [Maiden and Byard, 2015]. Mechanical testing of human tissue is critical to not only establish the typical physical characteristics, but also to better understand their normal physiological behavior in response to mechanical loads [Griffin et al, 2016].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical properties of fresh versus fresh/frozen and preserved (Thiel and Formalin) long head of biceps tendons: A cadaveric investigation

Hohmann

Keough

Glatt

et al. 2019

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

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Human cadaveric specimens commonly serve as mechanical models and as biological tissue donors in basic biomechanical research. Although these models are used to explain both in vitro and in vivo behavior, the question still remains whether the specimens employed reflect the normal in vivo situation. The mechanical properties of fresh-frozen or preserved cadavers may differ, and whether they can be used to reliably investigate pathology could be debated. The purpose of this study was to therefore examine the mechanical properties of cadaveric long biceps tendons, comparing fresh (n=7) with fresh-frozen (n=8), formalin embalmed (n=15), and Thiel-preserved (n=6) specimens using a Universal Testing Machine. The modulus of elasticity and the ultimate tensile strength to failure was recorded. Tensile failure occurred at an average of 12N/mm in the fresh group, increasing to 40.1N/mm in the fresh-frozen group, 50.3N/mm in the formalin group, and 52N/mm in the Thiel group. The modulus of elasticity/stiffness of the tendon increased from fresh (25.6MPa), to fresh-frozen (55.3MPa), to Thiel (82.5MPa), with the stiffest being formalin (510.6MPa). Thiel-preserved and formalin-embalmed long head of biceps tendons and fresh-frozen tendons have a similar load to failure. Either the Thiel or formalin preserved tendon could therefore be considered as alternatives for load to failure studies. However, the Young's modulus of embalmed tendons were significantly stiffer than fresh or fresh frozen specimens, and these methods might be less suitable alternatives when viscoelastic properties are being investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical properties of fresh versus fresh/frozen and preserved (Thiel and Formalin) long head of biceps tendons: A cadaveric investigation

Hohmann

Keough

Glatt

et al. 2019

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

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“…In frozen specimens, the effects of the freeze–thaw process on soft tissues can potentially change their biomechanical characteristics. It has been reported that a significant alteration in mechanical and morphological properties of the muscles due to the freeze–thaw procedure occurs 26–28 . This does not apply to the specimens in our study as all cadaver heads were fresh and the maximum time between death and performance of the retrobulbar block comprised 72 h with a mean time of 42.5 h. This limitation also occurred in specimens processed within the first 24 h after death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…It has been reported that a significant alteration in mechanical and morphological properties of the muscles due to the freeze-thaw procedure occurs. [26][27][28] This does not apply to the specimens in our study as all cadaver heads were fresh and the maximum time between death and performance of the retrobulbar block comprised 72 h with a mean time of 42.5 h. This limitation also occurred in specimens processed within the first 24 h after death. In the study by Hermans et al, 16 frozen-thawed specimens were used alongside fresh specimens but the authors of that study did not report similar difficulties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Safety and accuracy of blind vs. ultrasound‐guided dorsal retrobulbar nerve blocks in horses—A cadaveric study

Thieme

Mesquita

Lieberth

et al. 2022

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective: There is limited knowledge regarding the safety and accuracy of ultrasound-guided retrobulbar nerve blocks in horses. The aim of this study was to compare these parameters between blind and ultrasound-guided injection techniques for the dorsal retrobulbar nerve block in horses. Methods: Equine cadaver heads were used to inject the retrobulbar space with contrast medium (CM). Injections were performed either blindly based on anatomic landmarks (blind group, n = 44) or under ultrasonographic guidance (US-group, n = 44), equally divided between an experienced and unexperienced operator. Needle position and distribution of CM were assessed with computed tomography imaging and evaluated by a board-certified veterinary diagnostic imager blinded to the technique. Safety and accuracy of both techniques were compared.Results: Ocular penetration was observed in two cases (n = 2/44) in the blind group but not in the US group (n = 0/44). No intrathecal, intraneural, or intravascular injections were seen in either group. Safety was significantly improved in the US group (p = .026). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the accuracy of the injection. Excellent accuracy was achieved more often with the ultrasound-guided technique (n = 11/22) than with the blind technique (n = 7/22) when performed by the unexperienced operator, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion:To prevent globe-threatening complications and improve the safety of the injection, we recommend using the ultrasound-guided injection technique for the dorsal retrobulbar nerve block.

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“…However, this effect was not noticed in the mechanical experiments quantitatively, but the SEM images did show an increased number of cracks in the bone, though a causal relation at this stage remains unclear. If more cycles of freezing and thawing had occurred, the results could have been different as deterioration of mechanical properties seems to occur after five cycles of freezing and thawing [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the influence of surface coating on tissue biomechanics – effects on rat bones under routine conditions with implications for image-based deformation detection

Singh¹,

Scholze²,

Hammer³

2018

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundBiomechanical testing using image-based deformation detection techniques such as digital image correlation (DIC) offer optical contactless methods for strain and displacement measurements of biological tissues. However, given the need of most samples to be speckled for image correlation using sprays, chemical alterations with impact on tissue mechanicals may result. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of such surface coating on the mechanical properties of rat bones, under routine laboratory conditions including multiple freeze-thaw cycles.MethodsTwo groups of rat bones, highly-uniform and mixed-effects, were assigned to six subgroups consisting of three types of surface coating (uncoated, commercially-available water- and solvent-based sprays) and two types of bone conditions (periosteum attached and removed). The mixed-effects group had undergone an additional freeze-thaw cycle at − 20 degrees. All bones underwent a three-point bending test ranging until material failure.ResultsCoating resulted in similar and non-significantly different mechanical properties of rat bones, indicated by elastic moduli, maximum force and bending stress. Scanning electron microscopy showed more pronounced mechanical alterations related to the additional freeze-thaw cycle, with fewer cracks being present in a bone from the highly-uniform group.ConclusionsThis study has concluded that surface coating with water- or solvent-based sprays for enhancing image correlation for DIC and having an additional freeze-thaw cycle do not significantly alter mechanical properties of rat bones. Therefore, this method may be recommended as an effective way of obtaining a speckled pattern.

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Unpredictable tensile strength biomechanics may limit thawed cadaver use for simulant research

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

The mechanical properties of fresh versus fresh/frozen and preserved (Thiel and Formalin) long head of biceps tendons: A cadaveric investigation

The mechanical properties of fresh versus fresh/frozen and preserved (Thiel and Formalin) long head of biceps tendons: A cadaveric investigation

Safety and accuracy of blind vs. ultrasound‐guided dorsal retrobulbar nerve blocks in horses—A cadaveric study

On the influence of surface coating on tissue biomechanics – effects on rat bones under routine conditions with implications for image-based deformation detection

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