Unraveling the genome structure of cyanobacterial podovirus A-4L with long direct terminal repeats

Ou, Tong; Liao, Xiangyong; Gao, Xiaochan; Xu, Xudong; Zhang, Qi-Ya

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.012

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The first one came from the myophage Ma-LMM01 of Microcystis aeruginosa in 2008 (Yoshida et al, 2008). Afterward, four contractile-tailed phages, MaMV-DC (Ou et al, 2015a), S-CRM01 (Dreher et al, 2011), A-1 and N-1 (Chenard et al, 2016), five short-tailed phages, PP (Zhou et al, 2013), Pf-WMP3 (Liu et al, 2008), Pf-WMP4 (Liu et al, 2007), A-4L (Ou et al, 2015b) and S-EIV1 (Chenard et al, 2015) and one so-called tailless phage PaV-LD (Gao et al, 2012) were sequentially isolated from different sources of freshwater. Nevertheless, only three complete genomes of freshwater siphophages, S-2L (Marliere, 2006), S-LBS1 (Zhong et al, 2018), and CrV-01T (Martin et al, 2019) have been reported to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Analysis of Mic1 Reveals a Novel Freshwater Long-Tailed Cyanophage

et al. 2020

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Lake Chaohu, one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, has been suffering from severe cyanobacterial blooms in the summer for many years. Cyanophages, the viruses that specifically infect cyanobacteria, play a key role in modulating cyanobacterial population, and thus regulate the emergence and decline of cyanobacterial blooms. Here we report a long-tailed cyanophage isolated from Lake Chaohu, termed Mic1, which specifically infects the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Mic1 has an icosahedral head of 88 nm in diameter and a long flexible tail of 400 nm. It possesses a circular genome of 92,627 bp, which contains 98 putative open reading frames. Genome sequence analysis enabled us to define a novel terminase large subunit that consists of two types of intein, indicating that the genome packaging of Mic1 is under fine control via posttranslational maturation of the terminase. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis suggested Mic1 and mitochondria share a common evolutionary origin of DNA polymerase γ gene. All together, these findings provided a start-point for investigating the co-evolution of cyanophages and its cyanobacterial hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Analysis of Mic1 Reveals a Novel Freshwater Long-Tailed Cyanophage

et al. 2020

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“…Western blotting analyses. Cyanophage particles were concentrated following a method described previously (9). Thirty-milliliter quantities of crude lysates were mixed with 500 l of chloroform and centrifuged at 10,000 ϫ g for 20 min at 4°C to remove cell debris.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cyanobacterium often used in studies of heterocyst differentiation (7). A-1(L), a cyanomyovirus (8), and A-4 (L), a cyanopodovirus (9), specifically infect some species/strains of Anabaena and Nostoc, including Anabaena 7120 (10). Previous studies showed that inactivation of rfbP (all4829, corresponding to undecaprenyl-phosphate galactosephosphotransferase) abolished O-antigen synthesis and led to resistance to A-1(L) and A-4(L) in Anabaena 7120 (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Compared to phage-host systems involving other Gram-negative bacteria, interactions between cyanophages and host cyanobacteria have been barely investigated. In the A-1(L)/A-4(L)-Anabaena 7120 system, O-antigen synthesis has been proposed to be required for infection (11), and in addition to the genetic tools established in Anabaena long ago, the phage genomes have been analyzed in recent years (8,9). In this study, we focused on how A-1(L) adsorbs to Anabaena 7120.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cyanophage A-1(L) Adsorbs to Lipopolysaccharides of Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 via the Tail Protein Lipopolysaccharide-Interacting Protein (ORF36)

et al. 2019

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Ecological functions of cyanophages in aquatic environments depend on their interactions with cyanobacterial hosts. The first step of phage-host interaction involves adsorption to the cell surface. We report that adsorption of a cyanophage, A-1(L), to the outer membrane of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is based on the binding of a tail protein, ORF36, to the O antigen of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Removal of O antigen by gene inactivation abolished infection by A-1(L); consistently, preincubation of the cyanophage with extracted Anabaena LPS partially blocked infection. In contrast, inactivation of major outer membrane protein genes in Anabaena or addition of Synechocystis LPS showed no effect on infection. ORF35 and ORF36 are two predicted tail proteins of A-1(L). Antibodies against either ORF35 or ORF36 strongly inhibited infection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a specific interaction between ORF36 and the LPS of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. These findings indicate that ORF35 and ORF36 are probably both required for adsorption of A-1(L) to the cell surface, but ORF36 specifically binds to the O antigen of LPS. IMPORTANCE Cyanophages play an important role in regulating the dynamics of cyanobacterial communities in aquatic environments. Hitherto, the mechanisms for cyanophage infection have been barely investigated. In this study, the first cyanophage tail protein that binds to the receptor (LPS) on cell surface was identified and shown to be essential for the A-1(L) infection of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. The protein-LPS interaction may represent an important route for adsorption of cyanophages to their hosts.

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“…Viruses control the structure of entire phytoplankton communities as they play a key role in regulating host population densities, the cycling of carbon and nutrients (Fuhrman, 1999; Weinbauer, 2004; Jover et al, 2014), as well as in host evolution via horizontal gene transfer (Thompson et al, 2011) and genotype selection (Suttle, 2007). Cyanophages (i.e., cyanobacteria viruses) have been reported for a wide range of species, including notorious toxin producers, such as Nodularia, Dolichospermum (formerly Anabaena ; Wacklin et al, 2009), Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon and Microcystis (Jenkins and Hayes, 2006; Yoshida et al, 2006; Gao et al, 2012; Ou et al, 2015; Sulcius et al, 2015), and were reported to remove up to 97% of the potential filamentous cyanobacterial production in a shallow eutrophic lake (Tijdens et al, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Elevated pCO2 and Warming Facilitate Cyanophage Infections

et al. 2017

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Elevated pCO2 and warming are generally expected to influence cyanobacterial growth, and may promote the formation of blooms. Yet, both climate change factors may also influence cyanobacterial mortality by favoring pathogens, such as viruses, which will depend on the ability of the host to adapt. To test this hypothesis, we grew Plectonema boryanum IU597 under two temperature (25 and 29°C) and two pCO2 (400 and 800 μatm) conditions for 1 year, after which all treatments were re-exposed to control conditions for a period of 3 weeks. At several time points during the 1 year period, and upon re-exposure, we measured various infection characteristics of it associated cyanophage PP, including the burst size, latent period, lytic cycle and the efficiency of plaquing (EOP). As expected, elevated pCO2 promoted growth of P. boryanum equally over the 1 year period, but warming did not. Burst size increased in the warm treatment, but decreased in both the elevated pCO2 and combined treatment. The latent period and lytic cycle both became shorter in the elevated pCO2 and higher temperature treatment, and were further reduced by the combined effect of both factors. Efficiency of plaquing (EOP) decreased in the elevated pCO2 treatment, increased in the warm treatment, and increased even stronger in the combined treatment. These findings indicate that elevated pCO2 enhanced the effect of warming, thereby further promoting the virus infection rate. The re-exposure experiments demonstrate adaptation of the host leading to higher biomass build-up with elevated pCO2 over the experimental period, and lower performance upon re-exposure to control conditions. Similarly, virus burst size and EOP increased when given warm adapted host, but were lower as compared to the control when the host was re-exposed to control conditions. Our results demonstrate that adaptation but particularly physiological acclimation to climate change conditions favored viral infections, while limited host plasticity and slow adaptation after re-exposure to control conditions impeded host biomass build-up and viral infections.

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Unraveling the genome structure of cyanobacterial podovirus A-4L with long direct terminal repeats

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Genomic Analysis of Mic1 Reveals a Novel Freshwater Long-Tailed Cyanophage

Genomic Analysis of Mic1 Reveals a Novel Freshwater Long-Tailed Cyanophage

Cyanophage A-1(L) Adsorbs to Lipopolysaccharides of Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 via the Tail Protein Lipopolysaccharide-Interacting Protein (ORF36)

Combined Effects of Elevated pCO2 and Warming Facilitate Cyanophage Infections

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