Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of conventional and conservation tillage soils in southern Alberta

Miller, J. J.; Sweetland, N. J.; Larney, Francis J.; Volkmar, K. M.

doi:10.4141/s97-061

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, some researchers have found no tillage effect (Hill et al 1985;Benjamin 1993) on the soil water characteristic, while others found that NT retained more soil water than CT ( Reynolds et al 1995;Miller et al 1998). Most researchers have found a significant tillage effect on poresize distribution as derived from the soil water characteristic, but they found it was dependent on pore-size (Hill et al 1985), depth (Hermawan and Cameron 1993), soil type (Hill 1990), time of sampling (Carter 1988) and crop rotation (Benjamin 1993).…”

Section: Canadian Journal Of Soil Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water potentials of -1.5, -0.6 and -0.3 kPa were applied successively (wetting sequence) to the tension infiltrometer to exclude pores 200, 500 and 1000 µm diameter, respectively. Infiltration measurements were taken at each of the four locations (1-cm depth) within each tillage field as outlined by Miller et al (1998). Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity values were estimated for potentials of -0.3, -0.1, -0.6 and -1.5 kPa using the nonlinear regression method of Logsdon and Jaynes (1993).…”

Section: Tension Infiltrometer Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tension infiltrometer studies of tillage influences on infiltration or K(ψ) at potentials ≥ -1.5 kPa have generally reported no or few significant differences between CT and NT (Ankeny et al 1990;Dunn and Phillips 1991;Logsdon and Kaspar 1995). However, there are exceptions (Packer et al 1984;Reynolds et al 1995;Miller et al 1998). Most researchers have found a significant tillage effect on poresize distribution as derived from the soil water characteristic, but they found it was dependent on pore-size (Hill et al 1985), depth (Hermawan and Cameron 1993), soil type (Hill 1990), time of sampling (Carter 1988) and crop rotation (Benjamin 1993).…”

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Physical properties of a Chernozemic clay loam soil under long-term conventional tillage and no-till

Miller¹,

Larney²,

Lindwall³

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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a Chernozemic clay loam soil under long-term conventional tillage and no-till. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 325-331. Conservation tillage practices such as no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) with a heavy-duty cultivator can influence the physical properties of soils. This study was conducted to determine the effect of 24 yr of NT versus CT on the physical properties of a clay loam soil in southern Alberta. Physical properties quantified were bulk density (BD), mean weight diameter (MWD), plant-available water-holding capacity (PAWHC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat ), soil water characteristic [θ θ(ψ ψ)] and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity [K(ψ ψ)] relationships, and pore-size distribution (PSD). Bulk soil samples and small soil cores (5-cm depth increments to 20 cm) were taken from CT and NT fields in 1992, and tension infiltrometer measurements were made in 1994. The results from this study are reported as general trends for the tillage fields. Statistical probability levels are not reported because of the unreplicated nature of the experiment, the limited number of sampling locations within each tillage field, and to a lesser extent, the different sampling times for CT and NT in 1992. Plant-available water-holding capacity was higher for the CT field (14.3%) than the NT field (10.8%), and a greater amount of water was held at a given water potential (-1500 to -1.5 kPa) for the former, indicating a higher potential for soil water conservation under conventional tillage. Geometric mean K sat values (small soil cores) were higher for the NT field (18.20 × 10 -6 m s -1 ) than the CT field (1.74 × 10 -6 m s -1 ). The K(ψ) values (small soil cores) between -10 and -2 kPa were higher for the CT field than the NT field at the 0-to 5-cm, 10-to 15-cm and 15-to 20-cm depths, but values were higher for the NT field at the 5-to 10-cm depth. Near-saturated K(ψ) values (-1.5 to -0.3 kPa) of the surface soil, as derived from tension infiltration measurements in 1994, were higher for the CT field (2.43 × 10 -7 m s -1 ) than for the NT field (6.09 × 10 -8 m s -1 ). There was a greater percentage volume of larger pores (30-40, 40-67, 67-200, >200 µm) for the NT field than for the CT field, and there was a lower percentage volume of smaller pores (0.2-0.6, 0.6-4 µm) for the CT field than for the NT field. Differences in certain soil physical properties between CT and NT fields may be related to the lag time between the most recent tillage event and sampling for the CT field.Key words: Conservation tillage, heavy-duty cultivator, physical attributes, soil water, hydraulic conductivity, porosity Miller, J. J., Larney, F. J. et Lindwall, C. W. 1999. Propriétés physiques d'un loam argileux tchernozémique exposé à long terme à des régimes de travail classique ou de semis direct. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 325-331. Les pratiques de travail de conservation du sol, tel le semis direct (SD), et les méthodes de travail classique (TC) utilisant le cultivateur lourd peuvent influer sur les propriétés physiques du sol. L'objet de nos...

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Section: Canadian Journal Of Soil Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tension Infiltrometer Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical properties of a Chernozemic clay loam soil under long-term conventional tillage and no-till

Miller¹,

Larney²,

Lindwall³

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Depending on cultivation history, climate zone and the soil management, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity under no-till or minimum tillage can be either greater (Benjamin, 1993) or lower (Lindstrom and Onstad, 1984;Heard et al, 1988;Miller et al, 1998) than that under continuously tilled treatments, or not significantly different from that under continuously tilled treatments (Belvins et al, 1983;Obi and Nnabude, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐saturated surface soil hydraulic properties under different land uses in the St Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada

Bodhinayake

Cheng

2004

Hydrological Processes

111

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Abstract:Surface soil hydraulic properties are key factors controlling the partition of rainfall and snowmelt into runoff and soil water storage, and their knowledge is needed for sound land management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three land uses (native grass, brome grass and cultivated) on surface soil hydraulic properties under nearsaturated conditions at the St Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada. For each land use, water infiltration rates were measured using double-ring and tension infiltrometers at 0Ð3, 0Ð7, 1Ð5 and 2Ð2 kPa pressure heads. Macroporosity and unsaturated hydraulic properties of the surface soil were estimated. Mean field-saturated hydraulic conductivity K fs , unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 0Ð3 kPa pressure head, inverse capillary length scale ˛ and water-conducting macroporosity were compared for different land uses. These parameters of the native grass and brome grass sites were significantly p < 0Ð1 higher than that of the cultivated sites. At the 0Ð3 kPa pressure head, hydraulic conductivity of grasslands was two to three times greater than that of cultivated lands. Values of˛were about two times and values of K fs about four times greater in grasslands than in cultivated fields. Water-conducting macroporosity of grasslands and cultivated fields were 0Ð04% and 0Ð01% of the total soil volume, respectively. Over 90% of the total water flux at 0Ð06 kPa pressure head was transmitted through pores >1Ð36 ð 10 4 m in diameter in the three land uses. Land use modified near-saturated hydraulic properties of surface soil and consequently may alter the water balance of the area by changing the amount of surface runoff and soil water storage.

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“…Tillage loosened the soil of the plough layer, and this led to a reduction in bulk density and a rise in total porosity of the plough layer (Table 2). Since tillage increased soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Kargas and Londra, 2015;Miller et al, 1998), lower soil volumetric water content was observed under the T treatment. Corresponding to lower volumetric water content of shallow soils, tillage increased the soil air-filled porosity at depths of 2.5 cm and 12.5 cm (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Applicability of soil column incubation experiments to measure CO2 efflux

Guo

Nishimura

Imoto

et al. 2015

International Agrophysics

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Accurate measurements of CO2 efflux from soils are essential to understand dynamic changes in soil carbon storage. Column incubation experiments are commonly used to study soil water and solute transport; however, the use of column incubation experiments to study soil CO2 efflux has seldom been reported. In this study, a 150-day greenhouse experiment with two treatments (no-tillage and tillage soils) was conducted to evaluate the applicability of soil column incubation experiments to study CO2 efflux. Both the chamber measurement and the gradient method were used, and results from the two methods were consistent: tillage increased soil cumulative CO2 efflux during the incubation period. Compared with fieldwork, incubation experiments can create or precisely control experimental conditions and thus have advantages for investigating the influence of climate factors or human activities on CO2 efflux. They are superior to bottle incubation because soil column experiments maintain a soil structure that is almost the same as that in the field, and thus can facilitate analyses on CO2 behaviour in the soil profile and more accurate evaluations of CO2 efflux. Although some improvements are still required for column incubation experiments, wider application of this method to study soil CO2 behaviour is expected.

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Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of conventional and conservation tillage soils in southern Alberta

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Physical properties of a Chernozemic clay loam soil under long-term conventional tillage and no-till

Physical properties of a Chernozemic clay loam soil under long-term conventional tillage and no-till

Near‐saturated surface soil hydraulic properties under different land uses in the St Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada

Applicability of soil column incubation experiments to measure CO2 efflux

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