Unsupervised changes in core object recognition behavior are predicted by neural plasticity in inferior temporal cortex

Jia, Xiaoxuan; Hong, Ha; DiCarlo, James J.

doi:10.7554/elife.60830

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…Recognizing a new unfamiliar object as the same single object across different view angles is difficult if object images show a drastic change, particularly when a subject is required to distinguish it from similar distractors. However, view‐invariant object recognition can be acquired gradually via the neural population of the inferotemporal (IT) cortex of the ventral pathway as a subject repeatedly sees the objects from different views (Jia et al, 2021; Logothetis et al, 1994; Okamura et al, 2014). Thus, we can reasonably hypothesize that an association is made between various background images viewed from different self‐positions to represent the same objective‐position in the environment.…”

Section: Allocentric Perceptual Information Supported By View‐center ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allocentric information represented by self‐referenced spatial coding in the primate medial temporal lobe

2023

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For living organisms, the ability to acquire information regarding the external space around them is critical for future actions. While the information must be stored in an allocentric frame to facilitate its use in various spatial contexts, each case of use requires the information to be represented in a particular self‐referenced frame. Previous studies have explored neural substrates responsible for the linkage between self‐referenced and allocentric spatial representations based on findings in rodents. However, the behaviors of rodents are different from those of primates in several aspects; for example, rodents mainly explore their environments through locomotion, while primates use eye movements. In this review, we discuss the brain mechanisms responsible for the linkage in nonhuman primates. Based on recent physiological studies, we propose that two types of neural substrates link the first‐person perspective with allocentric coding. The first is the view‐center background signal, which represents an image of the background surrounding the current position of fixation on the retina. This perceptual signal is transmitted from the ventral visual pathway to the hippocampus (HPC) via the perirhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortex. Because images that share the same objective‐position in the environment tend to appear similar when seen from different self‐positions, the view‐center background signals are easily associated with one another in the formation of allocentric position coding and storage. The second type of neural substrate is the HPC neurons' dynamic activity that translates the stored location memory to the first‐person perspective depending on the current spatial context.

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Section: Allocentric Perceptual Information Supported By View‐center ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allocentric information represented by self‐referenced spatial coding in the primate medial temporal lobe

2023

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“…Pioneering work by Simoncelli and Olshausen (2001) showed that natural image statistics shape V1-like response patterns in artificial neural networks. Furthermore, electrophysiological studies have captured an unsupervised change of representation in IT neurons in a manner dependent on the visual experience ( Li and DiCarlo, 2010 ; Jia et al, 2021 ). Together with these results, we consider that the visual system may have the ability to shape its own activity depending on its input statistics, even in the short term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Population Activity in Macaque Visual Cortices Dynamically Changes through Repeated Fixations in Active Free Viewing

Yamane,

Ito,

Joana

et al. 2023

eNeuro

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During free viewing, we move our eyes and fixate on objects to recognize the visual scene of our surroundings. To investigate the neural representation of objects in this process, we studied individual and population neuronal activity in three different visual regions of the brains of macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata): the primary and secondary visual cortices and the inferotemporal cortex. We designed a task where the animal freely selected objects in a stimulus image to fixate on while we examined the relationship between spiking activity, the order of fixations, and the fixated objects. We found that activity changed across repeated fixations on the same object in all three recorded areas, with observed reductions in firing rates. Furthermore, the responses of individual neurons became sparser and more selective with individual objects. The population activity for individual objects also became distinct. These results suggest that visual neurons respond dynamically to repeated input stimuli through a smaller number of spikes, thereby allowing for discrimination between individual objects with smaller energy.Significance StatementConventionally, ventral visual neurons, which are crucial for object recognition, have been studied under passive viewing conditions that involve forced fixation in fixation tasks. However, the importance of investigating visual perception under active conditions is gaining recognition. We studied individual and population neuronal activity in three different ventral visual areas of the brains of macaque monkeys–V1, V2, and IT–during free viewing, focusing on the relationship between spiking activity, the order of fixations, and the fixated objects. We found that the population activity for individual objects became distinct across repeated fixations. These results suggest that neurons change their population activity depending on sensory experiences and thus raises a question about how visual sensory neurons shape their selectivity.

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“…lITG is a high-level brain area of the ventral visual pathway, which is related to the position, color, posture, and facial recognition of objects. lITG is a brain region that is arguably central for visual object recognition in both humans and nonhuman primates (Li and DiCarlo, 2008;Jia et al, 2021). In a fMRI study of table tennis players on a visuospatial task, Guo et al found that athletes exhibited lower brain activation in the regions of the left MTG, bilateral lingual gyrus, and lITG than non-athletes (Guo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Relationship Between the Higher Neural Efficiency Of The Vis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and dynamic resting-state brain activity patterns of table tennis players in 7-Tesla MRI

Zhao

Cao

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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Table tennis involves quick and accurate motor responses during training and competition. Multiple studies have reported considerably faster visuomotor responses and expertise-related intrinsic brain activity changes among table tennis players compared with matched controls. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we performed static and dynamic resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analyses of 20 table tennis players and 21 control subjects using 7T ultra-high field imaging. We calculated the static and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the two groups. The results revealed that table tennis players exhibited decreased static ALFF in the left inferior temporal gyrus (lITG) compared with the control group. Voxel-wised static functional connectivity (sFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analyses using lITG as the seed region afforded complementary and overlapping results. The table tennis players exhibited decreased sFC in the right middle temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal gyrus. Conversely, they displayed increased dFC from the lITG to prefrontal cortex, particularly the left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus-medial, and left superior frontal gyrus-dorsolateral. These findings suggest that table tennis players demonstrate altered visuomotor transformation and executive function pathways. Both pathways involve the lITG, which is a vital node in the ventral visual stream. These static and dynamic analyses provide complementary and overlapping results, which may help us better understand the neural mechanisms underlying the changes in intrinsic brain activity and network organization induced by long-term table tennis skill training.

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Unsupervised changes in core object recognition behavior are predicted by neural plasticity in inferior temporal cortex

Cited by 11 publications

References 87 publications

Allocentric information represented by self‐referenced spatial coding in the primate medial temporal lobe

Allocentric information represented by self‐referenced spatial coding in the primate medial temporal lobe

Neuronal Population Activity in Macaque Visual Cortices Dynamically Changes through Repeated Fixations in Active Free Viewing

Static and dynamic resting-state brain activity patterns of table tennis players in 7-Tesla MRI

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