Untargeted metabolomics-based response analysis of temperature and insecticide exposure in Aedes aegypti

Abstract

In this study, we utilized an untargeted NMR metabolomics approach to identify the vector response in terms of metabolic profiling after temperature and insecticide exposure in comparison with the control. Clearly, temperature and insecticide exposure cause changes in the underlying metabolism, and the NMR metabolomic profile enables a direct examination of the immediate response of the vector to cope up with these changes. The present study was designed in four parts: A-Aedes aegypti were exposed to 40 °C for one-hour, DDT-4%, malathion-5%, and deltamethrin-0.05% separately and, part B-D; one-hour exposure at 35 °C and 40 °C temperatures followed by one-hour exposure to insecticide. The resultant metabolite profiles were compared with the control. In response to temperature and insecticide exposure, several metabolites and altered pathways were identified. Citrate, maltose, lipids, Nicotinate, Choline, Pyruvate and β-hydroxybutyrate were found as important components of major biological pathways such as tri-carboxylic acid cycle, branched amino acid degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide PRPP pathway, and phospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the changes imposed by exposure to temperature and insecticides individually, are reversed with combined exposure, thus negating the impact of each other and posing a threat to the control of Aedes-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever.

The buzz in the field: the interaction between viruses, mosquitoes, and metabolism

“…aegypti to discover changes in metabolites caused by temperature and/or exposure to DDT, malathion, and deltamethrin. Metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, branched amino acid degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate, nucleotide PRPP pathway, and phospholipid metabolism were the most affected (Singh et al, 2022). Seven of the nine discovered compounds were shown to be significantly altered by individual temperature and insecticide exposure.…”

“…Low and medium concentrations of clothianidin reduced GPs and amines but increased acylcarnitines indicating that low pesticide doses increased energy requirements of exposed larvae (Russo et al, 2018) (G) Exposure of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae to Temephos, Permethrin and Chlorpyrifos dysregulated acylcarnitines and the amino acid arginine. Arginine levels were increased following exposure to Permethrin and Temephos whereas acylcarnitines responded differently to each insecticide (Martin-Park et al, 2017) (H) Major biological pathways are altered due to exposure of mosquitoes to insecticides such as DDT, deltamethrin and malathion and/or temperature (Singh et al, 2022) Created with BioRender.com.…”