Untersuchungen über den Anflug und die Brutentwicklung des gestreiften Nutzholzborkenkäfers, <i>Trypodendron lineatum</i> (Oliv.)

Popo, A.; Thalenhorst, Walter

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1974.tb01887.x

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Hence, more individuals spend longer periods inside the tree allowing more time for the fungi to move elements to their structures growing on gallery walls. X. saxesenii can occupy the same gallery with dozens of individuals over multiple generations for up to 2 years, whereas the other two species have only a single generation of a dozen individuals per gallery which lasts for only a few months ( T. lineatum ) or a single individual that develops over 2 years ( E. dermestoides ) ( Francke-Grosmann, 1952 , 1967 , 1975 ; Popo and Thalenhorst, 1974 ; Biedermann and Taborsky, 2011 ; Biedermann et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Batra ( Francke-Grosmann, 1952 ; Batra and Francke-Grosmann, 1961 ; Batra, 1967 ). Developmental periods range from 1 to 2 months for the two scolytine species to 2–3 years for the lymexylid beetles ( Francke-Grosmann, 1952 ; Popo and Thalenhorst, 1974 ; Biedermann et al, 2009 ). Differences in development may be partly explained by body size ( X. saxesenii ∼2 mm, T. lineatum ∼3,5 mm, E. dermestoides 6–19 mm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient-Poor Breeding Substrates of Ambrosia Beetles Are Enriched With Biologically Important Elements

et al. 2021

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Fungus-farming within galleries in the xylem of trees has evolved independently in at least twelve lineages of weevils (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae) and one lineage of ship-timber beetles (Lymexylidae). Jointly these are termed ambrosia beetles because they actively cultivate nutritional “ambrosia fungi” as their main source of food. The beetles are obligately dependent on their ambrosia fungi as they provide them a broad range of essential nutrients ensuring their survival in an extremely nutrient-poor environment. While xylem is rich in carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), various elements essential for fungal and beetle growth, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) are extremely low in concentration. Currently it remains untested how both ambrosia beetles and their fungi meet their nutritional requirements in this habitat. Here, we aimed to determine for the first time if galleries of ambrosia beetles are generally enriched with elements that are rare in uncolonized xylem tissue and whether these nutrients are translocated to the galleries from the xylem by the fungal associates. To do so, we examined natural galleries of three ambrosia beetle species from three independently evolved farming lineages, Xyleborinus saxesenii (Scolytinae: Xyleborini), Trypodendron lineatum (Scolytinae: Xyloterini) and Elateroides dermestoides (Lymexylidae), that cultivate unrelated ambrosia fungi in the ascomycete orders Ophiostomatales, Microascales, and Saccharomycetales, respectively. Several elements, in particular Ca, N, P, K, Mg, Mn, and S, were present in high concentrations within the beetles’ galleries but available in only very low concentrations in the surrounding xylem. The concentration of elements was generally highest with X. saxesenii, followed by T. lineatum and E. dermestoides, which positively correlates with the degree of sociality and productivity of brood per gallery. We propose that the ambrosia fungal mutualists are translocating essential elements through their hyphae from the xylem to fruiting structures they form on gallery walls. Moreover, the extremely strong enrichment observed suggests recycling of these elements from the feces of the insects, where bacteria and yeasts might play a role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient-Poor Breeding Substrates of Ambrosia Beetles Are Enriched With Biologically Important Elements

et al. 2021

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Studies on indirect infection of Trypodendron lineatum Oliv. with Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill.

Prażak¹

1991

J Applied Entomology

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The transfer of infection of B. bassiana from contaminated male T. lineatum to non‐contaminated females, as well as the effect of B. bassiana treated timber to the breeding activity and the mortality of young beetles in contaminated soil after immigration for hibernation was investigated. Breeding activity of non contaminated females is reduced by 20 % if placed together with contaminated males. Treated timber shows fewer holes of brood systems and less breeding activity than non‐treated one. The beetles were infected to a higher degree if the soil was contaminated and not the timber. Spraying higher concentrations once or lower ones twice gives mortality rates of up to 100%. Application of spore dust gives lower mortality rates than application of water diluted spores if the concentration on the soil surface is the same. Sterile soil shows after spore contamination a higher mortality rate than non‐sterilized soil. Investigations were completed with observations on the migration flights of hibernated beetles in spring, the hatching of young beetles out of the brood systems, their phototactic behaviour and their distribution in the soil after immigration for hibernation. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über eine indirekte Infektion von Trypodendron lineatum Oliv, mit Beauveria hassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Die Infektionsübertragung von kontaminierten Männchen auf nicht kontaminierte Weibchen, die Wirkung von B. bassiana‐behandeltem Rundholz auf das Brutgeschäft von T. lineatum und die Mortalität von Jungkäfern in kontaminiertem Uberwinterungssubstrat wurden untersucht. Die Brutleistung von nicht kontaminierten Weibchen wurde bei Ansatz mit kontaminierten Männchen um 20 % reduziert. Kontaminiertes Rundholz zeigte weniger Einbohrungen und geringere Brutleistungen als Kontrollstämme, wobei dieser Unterschied bei Lagerung im Bestand wesentlich stärker ausgeprägt war als bei Lagerung im Sägewerk ohne Beschattung. Bei der höchsten Sporensus‐pensions‐Konzentration von 5 × 107 Con/cm2 Stammoberfläche wurde eine Verringerung der Brutleistung um 44.89 % im Vergleich zur Kontrolle erreicht. Die Wirkung auf die Käfer war bei Kontamination des Uberwinterungssubstrates größer als bei Kontamination von Rundholz. Bei einmaligem Sprühen von 1 × 107 Con/cm2 Bodenoberfläche oder zweimaligem Sprühen von 1 × 106 Con/cm2 Bodenoberfläche wurden Mortalitätsraten bis 100 % erreicht. Ausbringung von Sporenstaub ergab bei gleicher Konzentration an der Bodenoberfläche eine um 39.60 % geringere durchschnittliche Mortalität als Sprühen einer wässrigen Suspension. In sterilem Boden lag die Mortalität um 18.88 % (nach Suspensionsbehandlung) und 14.21 % (nach Staubbehandlung) höher als im nicht sterilisierten. Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Beobachtungen zum Schwärmen der Altkäfer im Frühjahr aus den Uberwinterungsplätzen, dem Schlüpfen der Jungkäfer aus den Brutsystemen und dem anschließenden phototaktischen Verhalten sowie ihrer Verteilung im Boden nach Einwandern in das Überwinterungssubstrat ergänzt.

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Untersuchungen über den Anflug und die Brutentwicklung des gestreiften Nutzholzborkenkäfers, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.)

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Nutrient-Poor Breeding Substrates of Ambrosia Beetles Are Enriched With Biologically Important Elements

Nutrient-Poor Breeding Substrates of Ambrosia Beetles Are Enriched With Biologically Important Elements

Studies on indirect infection of Trypodendron lineatum Oliv. with Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill.

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