Untersuchungen über den Zellwandabbau von Nadelholz durchTrametes pini

Líese, W.; Schmid, Roswitha

doi:10.1007/bf02612874

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A Separation between cells within or adjacent to the compound middle lamella has been reported at early (Wilcox 1968) and late (Liese 1966) stages of decay. Splitting in the cell wall (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Growth and Attack on Wood by Three White-Rot Fungi and Their Cellulase-less Mutants

Eriksson¹,

Grünewald²,

Nilsson³

et al. 1980

Holzforschung

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Keywords Biodegradation Microscopy SEM White-rot f ungi Cellulase-less mutants Schlüsselwörter (Sachgebiete) Biologischer Abbau Mikroskopie REM Weißfäulepilze Cellulasefreie Mutanten A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Growth and Attack on Wood by Three White-Rot Fungi and their Cellulase-less Mutants SummaryWhite-rot fungi, which have the ability to degrade all the wood components including lignin, are of great interest in biotechnological processes based on wood and other ligno-cellulosic materials. It was earlier demonstrated that enough lignin can be degraded to cause a decrease in the energy demand for the production of mechanical pulp if wood chips are pretreated by cellulase-less mutants of white-rot fungi. In view of these facts it has been important to study the growth pattern in wood of the wild-type (WT) white-rot fungi and their cellulase-less mutants. In this paper, the growth patterns of WT fungi and mutants, and the micro-morphological changes in wood emanating from attack by these different organisms, have been investigated by the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that, although difTerences exist between WT fungi and mutants, the similarities are more striking. Probably the main difference between WT fungi and mutants is that the WT organisms can cause thinning of the wood cell walls whereas the mutants are unable to do so. It should also be pointed out that WT Sporotrichum pulverulentum causes bore holes in the wood fibre cell walls while its cellulase-less mutant, Cel 44, does not. Untersuchungen über Wachstum und Holzangriff von drei Weißfäulepilzen und deren cellulasefreien Mutanten mit Hilfe der Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie ZusammenfassungWeißfäulepilze, die die Fähigkeit besitzen, alle Holzbestandteile einschließlich Lignin abzubauen, sind für biotechnologische Prozesse, die sich auf Holz oder andere ligno-cellulosische Materialien beziehen, von großem Interesse. Es konnte in vorausgegangenen Arbeiten gezeigt werden, daß soviel Lignin abgebaut werden kann, daß der Energiebedarf bei der Holzstofferzeugung sinkt, wenn die Hackschnitzel mit cellulasefreien Mutanten des Weißfäulepilzes vorbehandelt werden. Im Hinblick auf diese Tatsachen erschien es wichtig zu sein, die Wachstumsmuster der Wildtype (WT) des Weißfäulepilzes und deren cellulasefreien Mutanten im Holz zu studieren. In vorliegender Arbeit werden die Wachstumsmuster des Weißfäulepilzes und der Mutanten sowie die mikromorphologischen Veränderungen im Holz, die von dem Angriff dieser verschiedenen Mikroorganismen herrühren, mit Hilfe der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß, obgleich Unterschiede zwischen den WT-Pilzen und den Mutanten bestehen, die Ähnlichkeiten überwiegen. Offenbar ist der Hauptunterschied zwischen den WT-Pilzen und den Mutanten der, daß die WT-Organismen ein Dünnerwerden der Holzzellwände verursachen können, wozu die Mutanten nicht fähig sind. Es sei auch erwähnt, daß die WT von Sporotrichum pulverulentum Bohrlöcher in der Holzfaserzellwand hervorrufen ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Growth and Attack on Wood by Three White-Rot Fungi and Their Cellulase-less Mutants

Eriksson¹,

Grünewald²,

Nilsson³

et al. 1980

Holzforschung

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“…The spread pattern of white rot fungi occurs via enzymes and direct hyphal penetration either through intercellular pits or through boreholes. The boreholes (also known to occur in brown rots) are small cavities formed in the cell walls and are caused by specialized cell-wall degrading hyphae (Bayliss, 1908; Nutman, 1929; Liese and Schmid, 1966; Liese, 1970; Schwarze et al, 2000a). Certain species of fungi, such as I. hispidus and Meripilus giganteus use RP cells effectively to breach the reaction zones of wall 3 ( Figure 3D ).…”

Section: Rap and Fungal Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parenchyma of Secondary Xylem and Its Critical Role in Tree Defense against Fungal Decay in Relation to the CODIT Model

et al. 2016

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This review examines the roles that ray and axial parenchyma (RAP) plays against fungal pathogens in the secondary xylem of wood within the context of the CODIT model (Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees), a defense concept first conceived in the early 1970s by Alex Shigo. This model, simplistic in its design, shows how a large woody perennial is highly compartmented. Anatomical divisions in place at the time of infection or damage, (physical defense) alongside the ‘active’ response by the RAP during and after wounding work together in forming boundaries that function to restrict air or decay spread. The living parenchyma cells play a critical role in all of the four walls (differing anatomical constructs) that the model comprises. To understand how living cells in each of the walls of CODIT cooperate, we must have a clear vision of their complex interconnectivity from a three-dimensional perspective, along with knowledge of the huge variation in ray parenchyma (RP) and axial parenchyma (AP) abundance and patterns. Crucial patterns for defense encompass the symplastic continuum between both RP and AP and the dead tissues, with the latter including the vessel elements, libriform fibers, and imperforate tracheary elements (i.e., vasicentric and vascular tracheids). Also, the heartwood, a chemically altered antimicrobial non-living substance that forms the core of many trees, provides an integral part of the defense system. In the heartwood, dead RAP can play an important role in defense, depending on the genetic constitution of the species. Considering the array of functions that RAP are associated with, from capacitance, through to storage, and long-distance water transport, deciding how their role in defense fits into this suite of functions is a challenge for plant scientists, and likely depends on a range of factors. Here, we explore the important role of RAP in defense against fungal pathogens and the trade-offs involved from a viewpoint for structure-function relations, while also examining how fungi can breach the defense system using an array of enzymes in conjunction with the physically intrusive hyphae.

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“…Although some brown-and white rot fungi have been found to produce soft-rot-like cavities within the S # layer (Duncan, 1960 ;Courtois, 1965 ;Liese & Schmid ;1966 ;Liese, 1970 ;Nilsson & Daniel, 1988), these observations were considered not to be conclusive and more likely to be associated with a localized collapse of the cell wall, or an obscure white-rot degradation mode (Eriksson et al, 1990). However, a definite soft-rot pattern was observed in wood blocks of birch, Betula pendula and Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris inoculated with the white-rot basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida by Daniel, Volc & Nilsson (1992).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and cell type affect the mode of degradation by Meripilus giganteus

Schwarze

Fink

1998

New Phytologist

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Wood degradation by the white-rot basidiomycete Meripilus giganteus (Pers. : Pers.) Karst. was studied in naturally infected and artificially inoculated wood of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). Semi-thin sections revealed that the secondary walls of most fibres contained internal cavities. Three distinct types of cavity formation, which differed not only between hosts, but also between cell type and location in the annual ring, were identified.Within discoloured wood of naturally infected beech, the structure of the cavities and their formation by the associated hyphae were reminiscent of a soft-rot. By contrast, cavity formation in artificially inoculated beech and large-leaved lime wood differed from a soft-rot mode of attack as extensive delignification always preceded cavity formation, and neither T-branching, L-bending, nor hyphal growth were found within cell walls. The formation of half-moon shaped cavities in beech wood was present only in tension-wood fibres. From large diameter hyphae, growing within the fibre lumen, numerous fine perforation hyphae extended transversely via helical cracks into the cell wall. Subsequent degradation of cellulose within concentric layers of the tension-wood fibres commenced from the apices of perforation hyphae.Sections stained with ruthenium red and hydroxlamine-ferric chloride, revealed that M. giganteus preferentially degrades pectin-rich regions of the middle lamellae in xylary ray cells. In large-leaved lime, such regions were uniformly located in the middle lamellae of axial and ray parenchyma. In beech wood, degradation of pectin-rich middle lamellae regions commenced after the delignification of secondary walls and resulted in a conspicuous hollowing of multiseriate xylem rays. Plasticity in wood degradation modes by M. giganteus in large-leaved lime and beech wood reflects variations in cell wall structure and\or prevailing wood conditions.

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Untersuchungen über den Zellwandabbau von Nadelholz durchTrametes pini

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Growth and Attack on Wood by Three White-Rot Fungi and Their Cellulase-less Mutants

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Growth and Attack on Wood by Three White-Rot Fungi and Their Cellulase-less Mutants

The Parenchyma of Secondary Xylem and Its Critical Role in Tree Defense against Fungal Decay in Relation to the CODIT Model

Host and cell type affect the mode of degradation by Meripilus giganteus

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