Untersuchungen über Vermehrungsraten und Körpergewichte beim weiblichen Rotwild

Kröning, Friedrich; Vorreyer, F.

doi:10.1007/bf01998877

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is generally recognized that wild red deer in different habitats reach different body sizes. In Poland, Dzieciolowski's (1970) studies indicated that maximal body weight of hinds was 134 kg, and that yearling hinds weighed 61 kg, while in Germany the data for 19-20 month animals suggest mean weights of yearlings range from 64 kg in East Prussia to 44 kg in the Southern Alps (Kroning & Vorreyer, 1957). Wegge's (1974) data on two populations of red deer in Norway show real mean differences between them: butcher's carcass weights of hinds at maturity at 6 years of age estimated from his graphs were 52 kg and 68 kg.…”

Section: Mature Body Weight In Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction in farmed red deer:3. Hind growth and mortality

Blaxter¹,

Boyne²,

Hamilton³

1981

J. Agric. Sci.

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The growth and mortality of red deer hinds from 3 months of age were analysed using data from a farmed stock. Calf mortality from 3 to 15 months of age was 11 % and was highest in the 2 months immediately after weaning. Mortality in the 8 years subsequent to the hinds reaching 15 months was low and based on 924 yearly records of survival was 1-8% per annum.The rate of growth of the calves during their first winter was markedly affected by the amount of feed given and slightly (though highly significantly) greater for the larger calves. In the subsequent summer there was no effect of weaning weight on gain. This varied considerably from year to year.The subsequent growth of the hinds showed that an equilibrium weight of about 82 kg was achieved, and that body weight at the beginning of the year, age, and whether or not the hind produced a calf, all affected the increase in body weight during a particular year.The results are combined to estimate the effects of culling the hind stock at different ages on the number of surplus female calves and the effects on lifetime reproductive performance of the body weight of hinds when 15 months of age. The latter can be predicted from weaning weight and winter feed intake provided gain from 10 to 15 months at pasture can be estimated. The partial effects of giving additional concentrated feed in the first winter were estimated and found to be appreciable.Comparisons of the results are made with mortality rates and body weights estimated by others for wild populations.

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Section: Mature Body Weight In Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction in farmed red deer:3. Hind growth and mortality

Blaxter¹,

Boyne²,

Hamilton³

1981

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…It is equally obvious that low birth rates have considerable effects on the establishment of a farmed stock and the production of meat from an established deer farm. Red deer rarely produce twin calves, only one authenticated case of twin birth ever having been recorded in the U.K. (Guinness & Fletcher, 1971), though a 0-6% incidence of twin pregnancies has been noted in Germany and Austria (Kroning & Vorreyer, 1957).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reproduction in farmed red deer. 1. Hind and stag fertility

Hamilton¹,

Blaxter²

1980

J. Agric. Sci.

126

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The fertility of a stock of red deer kept under farming conditions on hill land over a period of 7 years has been assessed. The stock consisted of five cohorts of hinds born in successive years from 1971 to 1975. The fertility of hinds was related to their body weight by the general relationship P = 1 -exp( -0-085(TF-52)) where Pis the probability that a hind will calve and W is her weight in kg at the time of the rut. When body weight was taken into account in this way, age had no effect on hind fertility. Fertility was, however, poor in one year following a rut which occurred in bad weather. Separation of calves from hinds at the time of the rut had no effect on fertility, and under the farm conditions there was no increase in fertility of hinds which had been barren the previous year above that expected from their body weight. Date of calving was slightly skewed, but 63 % of all calves were born in the first 20 days of June. Smaller hinds calved later; 1 kg body weight increased date of calving by about 0-3 days. Evidence of stag infertility was obtained and it was shown that one stag could effectively mate with 28 hinds such that they mostly calved within a 20-day period. It was possible to run 60 hinds with three stags and obtain calving rates which were similar to those for the hind population as a whole. There were no differences in fertility between matched groups of hinds exposed to one or two stags. The results are compared with those obtained by observation of wild stocks in Scotland.

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“…Red deer, in contrast to roe deer, have been reported to have a very low natural rate of twinning, less than 1.5% (Kroning and Vorreyer, 1957). Studies of early embryonic development and uterine physiology of red deer suggests that freemartinism is a possibility in this animal (Wilson, personal communication).…”

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confidence: 99%