Unusual prevalence of high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus in a group of women with neoplastic lesions and cervical cancer from Central Mexico

Abstract

Human papillomavirus has been identified as a main etiological agent in the development of cervical cancer. HPV 16 and 18 have been reported the most widely prevalent genotypes worldwide. We conducted a study analyzing the prevalence of high and low risk human papillomavirus viral types in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes and neighboring cities in the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas in central Mexico. Specific viral genotype was determined by a PCR and hybridization-based detection test. The presence of 37 high- and low-risk HPV genotypes was evaluated in 883 female participants. Of these, 350 presented low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 176 presented high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), 107 suffered from cervical cancer and 250 women with negative cytological report for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM). HPV 51 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV 16: overall prevalence of HPV 51, including single infections and co-infections was 31.2% in women with LGSIL, whereas prevalence of HPV 16 was 25.1%. Among women with HGSIL, HPV 51 prevalence was 47.2% and HPV 16 was 30.1%. Prevalence of HPV 51 in women with cervical cancer was 49.5% and type 16 was 33.6%. Between single and co-infections, most co-infections were not associated with later stages of the disease, except 51/16 and some others. HPV 51 showed a significant correlation with the progression of the disease (OR = 10.81 for LGSIL, 19.38 for HGSIL and 22.95 for ICC), and when analyzing all other genotypes, five different groups depending on their correlation with all lesion grades were determined. According to our findings, HPV genotype 51 has a higher prevalence than HPV 16 and 18 in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes and neighboring cities in the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas in Central Mexico.

Identification of Genetic Variants of Human Papillomavirus in a Group of Mexican HIV/AIDS Patients and Their Possible Association with Cervical Cancer

“…The prevalence of HPV51 was thus three times higher than that of HPV16 and seven times higher than that of HPV33. It is consistent with the results of recent studies, which have also found a high prevalence of HPV51 in Mexico ( Gallegos-Bolaños et al 2017 ; Jácome-Galarza et al 2017 ; Campos et al 2019 ) and other countries such as Turkey ( Gultekin et al 2018 ), Greece ( Argyri et al 2018 ), Italy ( Lillo et al 2001 ), Tanzania ( Mayaud et al 2001 ), Kenya ( Ferré et al 2019 ; Omire et al 2020 ) and Canada ( de Pokomandy et al 2018 ).…”

“…The polymorphisms of the most prevalent genotype were identified. In some areas of Mexico, HPV51 predominates over other genotypes ( Gallegos-Bolaños et al 2017 ; Jácome-Galarza et al 2017 ; Campos et al 2019 ).…”

A Pilot Study on the HPV Type Frequency in a Federal High-Specialty Hospital of Mexico City: Is HPV16 Our Main Problem?

“…In the last years, growing evidence has highlighted that "uncommon" HPV types have higher incidence than HPV16 or 18. A recent work reported that HPV51 has a higher frequency than HPV16 in cervical cancer (49.5% versus 33.6%, respectively) in the states of Aguascalientes and Zacatecas [14]. In the southeastern state of Yucatan, HPV58 frequency was higher than HPV16 (28.5% versus 25.7%, respectively) [15].…”

Multiple HPV Infections and Viral Load Association in Persistent Cervical Lesions in Mexican Women

“…Studies conducted in the Mexican population have shown differences in the prevalence of viral genotypes depending on the geographical area. For example, a study conducted in the states of Aguascalientes, Jalisco, and Zacatecas found that HPV 51 and 16 were the most prevalent genotypes [30]. A study based on the population in the state of Tlaxcala found that HPV types 16 and 18 had the highest prevalence [31].…”