Unusual Quasi 10‐Day Planetary Wave Activity and the Ionospheric Response During the 2019 Southern Hemisphere Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Wang, Jack C.; Palo, S. E.; Forbes, Jeffrey M.; Marino, John; Moffat‐Griffin, Tracy; Mitchell, N. J.

doi:10.1029/2021ja029286

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…Through the SSW, the zonal winds oscillate between the eastward and westward directions for every a few days, exhibiting a large wave signature. This signature could be related to planetary wave activities (e.g., Wang et al., 2021; Yu et al., 2019). The wind oscillations appear to continue into the peak warming, and following the SSW peak the eastward winds largely decrease to be a weak eastward flow or even turn the directions into the westward.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Navgem‐ha Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Liu

Janches

et al. 2022

JGR Space Physics

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Realistic modeling of the winds and dynamical variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) at Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid‐to‐high latitudes near 60°S where dramatic motions occur has been a challenge. This work presents an evaluation of the MLT zonal and meridional winds from ∼80 to 98 km altitude produced by the high‐altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM‐HA) numerical weather prediction system during the Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in September 2019. These results are compared with the coincident measurements by five meteor radars at Tierra del Fuego (TDF; 53.7°S, 67.7°W), King Edward Point (KEP; 54.3°S, 36.5°W), King Sejong Station (KSS; 62.2°S, 58.8°W), Rothera (ROT; 67.5°S, 68.0°W), and Davis (DAV; 68.6°S, 78.0°E) across SH mid‐to‐high latitudes. We find that the day‐to‐day variations in NAVGEM‐HA winds related to tidal motions are overall consistent with variations in the radar winds, and the daily mean winds have a correlation of 0.7–0.9 between them. Three‐hourly NAVGEM‐HA winds have a correlation of ∼0.5 and mean difference <10 m/s to the radar observations at most stations, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) error ranges from ∼25 to 35 m/s. Above 90 km altitude, the correlation coefficient decreases, and the difference and RMS error increase, indicating an upper limit to the validity of the NAVGEM‐HA results. Both the analyzed and observed winds reveal an enhancement in diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitude during this SH SSW. NAVGEM‐HA shows some evidence that nonmigrating tidal enhancements are produced through the interaction of migrating tides with planetary waves.

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Section: Evaluation Of Navgem‐ha Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Liu

Janches

et al. 2022

JGR Space Physics

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“…Moreover, the GPH and water vapor data at 261–0.001 hPa (∼9–96 km) and 316–0.002 hPa (∼7–92 km) are considered valid (Livesey et al., 2017). Aura/MLS observations are proven to be suitable and reliable for the study of secondary PWs during polar stratospheric warming events since their latitudinal coverage extends to the polar region and the maximum perturbations of these waves are usually confined to this region (e.g., Qin et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021; Yamazaki & Matthias, 2019). In this paper, the pressure levels of the data set are converted to log‐pressure heights

z=-Hln\left(p/{p}_{s}\right)

, which are very close to the geometric heights in the middle atmosphere, where

p

is the pressure level,

H

(= ∼7 km in the middle atmosphere) is the scale height, and

{p}_{s}

(=1,013.25 hPa) is a standard reference pressure level (Andrews et al., 1987).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary 12‐Day Planetary Wave in the Mesospheric Water Vapor During the 2016/2017 Unusual Canadian Stratospheric Warming

Qin

Dou

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Due to the seasonal and latitudinal variations of insolation, change of Earth's stratosphere has a strong annual cycle. During wintertime, the polar stratosphere is characterized by normally strong eastward zonal mean flow and a cold polar vortex, which is mainly caused by radiative cooling. However, the normal polar stratospheric dynamical processes can be influenced by a wide range of special meteorological phenomena. Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is the most well-known and extreme such event, during which the polar stratospheric temperature increases a few tens of kelvins in a short interval (Andrews et al., 1987;Matsuno, 1970;Scherhag, 1952). The accompanied reversal and deceleration of the zonal mean flow at 10 hPa and 60 𝐴𝐴 • latitude correspond to major and minor SSW events, respectively (McInturff, 1978). It is widely accepted that SSW is triggered by the interaction between the stratospheric zonal mean flow and upward propagating stationary planetary waves (PWs), which are induced by topography and land-sea temperature contrasts in the troposphere (Liu & Roble, 2002;Matsuno, 1970).Different from SSW, which can occur in both hemispheres, there is an exclusive type of stratospheric warming event in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), which is called Canadian stratospheric warming (CSW). CSW is induced by the strengthening of the Aleutian High in the NH middle and upper stratosphere, and it accounts for the vast majority of the stratospheric warming events during the early boreal winter (Andrews et al., 1987;Labitzke, 1977Labitzke, , 1982. The Aleutian High is an anticyclonic system in the NH winter stratosphere over the North Pacific with the maximum geopotential height (GPH) at 10 hPa usually captured over the Aleutian Islands

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“…Nevertheless, this event reduces the ozone hole over the South Pole to the smallest one on record (World Meteorology Organization, 2019). Responses of ionospheric dynamics to this extreme event have been observed in both hemispheres, such as the quasi‐6‐day waves (Q6DWs) and quasi‐10‐day waves (Q10DWs; Goncharenko et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021). The unusual Q10DWs in the MLT region in both hemispheres are found to be triggered by the extreme Antarctic SSW (Eswaraiah et al., 2020; He et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Excitation of Quasi‐6‐Day Waves in Both Hemispheres During the September 2019 Antarctic SSW

Ma¹,

Gong²,

Zhang

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

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Stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) is a large meteorological phenomenon, which is characterized by an abrupt increase of the stratospheric temperature in the polar region of the winter hemisphere (Andrews et al., 1987;Baldwin et al., 2020). Attenuations or reversals of zonally mean eastward winds at higher latitudes are associated with SSW events due to the interactions between enhanced stationary planetary waves (SPWs) and zonal mean flows (Matsuno, 1971). Generally, polar warmings occurring with a reversal of zonally mean eastward winds at the latitude of 60° at 10 hPa level are classified as a "major" event, otherwise are regarded as a "minor" event. In the recent 40 years, the major SSW was observed over 20 times in the Northern Hemisphere (Butler et al., 2017;Choi et al., 2019), while it occurred only once in the Southern Hemisphere (Krüger et al., 2005).Responses of planetary waves (PWs) to SSW events have been widely reported in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (

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Unusual Quasi 10‐Day Planetary Wave Activity and the Ionospheric Response During the 2019 Southern Hemisphere Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Cited by 27 publications

References 92 publications

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Secondary 12‐Day Planetary Wave in the Mesospheric Water Vapor During the 2016/2017 Unusual Canadian Stratospheric Warming

Understanding the Excitation of Quasi‐6‐Day Waves in Both Hemispheres During the September 2019 Antarctic SSW

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