Unveiling the role of stress in periodontal etiopathogenesis: an evidence‐based review

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth, resulting in progressive attachment loss and bone loss. Periodontal disease is influenced by various systemic, environmental, and psychologic factors that have the potential to alter periodontal tissues and host immune response, resulting in more severe periodontal destruction. Several studies have documented the relationship between psychosocial stress and chronic forms of periodontal disease. Stress impairs periodontal health through changes in behavior and complex interactions among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The influence of stress on periodontal disease is affected by the emotional coping skills of the individual. Psychologic stress and depression may also influence the outcome of periodontal therapy. Stressful life events and coping skills are factors to consider in the risk of periodontal disease destruction and the potential for successful periodontal therapy. Therefore psychosocial stress is considered as an important risk factor for periodontal disease, and emotional stress in periodontitis patients should be diagnosed and treatment should be administered for the proper management and successful outcome of periodontal disease.

Exposure to occupational noise and periodontitis in Korean workers

“…Overall there is evidence that noise, as a source of stress present in everyday life over which individuals cannot exert control, produces transient suppression of immune function, increased oxidative stress, and endocrinal dysfunction, making it plausible to hypothesize its association with increased inflammatory responses and/or a predisposition to new or aggravated existing infections. These are also compatible with previous studies regarding stress and periodontitis . Additionally, stress could affect periodontitis indirectly.…”

“…These are also compatible with previous studies regarding stress and periodontitis. [34][35][36] Additionally, stress could affect periodontitis indirectly. Stress could influence oral hygiene 19 and smoking 37 behaviors, which could contribute to periodontitis.…”

Plaque Score Change as an Indicator for Periimplant Health in Periodontal Patients With Immediately Restored Dental Implants

“…Other factors might affect plaque scores, PD, and BOP, including stress, medications, smoking, and dental restorations. [30][31][32] The influence of these factors should be addressed in future studies of longer duration and larger sample size. Also, the question whether short-term changes in PD and BOP correlate with long-term success/survival rates of dental implants still remains unanswered.…”

Is Psychological Stress a Possible Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease? A Systematic Review

“…Psychosocial stress is thought to play an important role in the etiology and progression of periodontal diseases, and the outcome of treatment [4,5]. The relationship between periodontitis and several dimensions of psychosocial distress such as stress, depression, anxiety, life events and poor coping reactions has attracted considerable attention from several groups of researchers during the last three decades [6][7][8][9]. A review showed a strong relationship between periodontal diseases and psychological factors such as stress, distress, anxiety, depression and loneliness [9].…”