Up-regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ␥ (PPAR-␥) messenger RNA and protein and to localize the PPAR-␥ protein in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis and control subjects.

Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor–γ Agonist Induces Regulatory T Cells in a Murine Model of Allergic Rhinitis

“…2 In addition, PPAR-γ is expressed in human nasal mucosa and upregulated in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR). 3 In a murine model of experimental AR, PPAR-γ activation effectively inhibited allergic symptoms, nasal mucosa inflammation, the production of antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and Th2-type cytokines, and suppressed the overexpression of galectin-3 induced by ovalbumin (OVA). 4,5 AR is one of the most common chronic diseases in the industrialized world.…”

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Is Expressed in Eosinophils in Nasal Polyps

“…Other groups have reported that PPARγ is expressed in epithelium, smooth muscles, mucous glands, and infiltrating inflammatory cells in nasal polyps or nasal mucosa [23,24]. Further studies will be needed to clarify the expression of PPARγ in epithelium and mucous glands in nasal tissues.…”

Effect of 5-aminosalicylate on allergic rhinitis model in mice

“…Recently, PPARγ expression has been found in eosinophils and mast cells, which are types of immune cells [4,25]. Additionally, Kang et al reported that the expression of PPARγ mRNA and protein in the nasal mucosa increased in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis [26]. Thus, it is suggested that the activation of PPARγ negatively controls the activation of mast cells.…”