Photodynamic
therapy (PDT), a promising noninvasive tumor treatment
strategy, is limited by poor biocompatibility, high cost, and complicated
synthesis procedures of rare-earth up-conversion materials. Herein,
natural melanin particles (MNPs), excellent photothermal therapy (PTT)
materials, were found to significantly promote production of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) under 808 nm irradiation when cross-linked with
C60, whereas synthetic polydopamine had no such property. On the basis
of this special character of MNP, MNP-C60-hyaluronic acid (MC60H)
nanoparticles, independent of rare-earth up-conversion materials,
were prepared for multimodal attack toward a tumor under 808 nm irradiation.
After targeting recognition by hyaluronic acid (HA), MC60H could not
only efficiently promote temperature rise and the production ROS in
tumor but also activate the prominent immunotherapy and help tumor
immunosuppressed M2-type macrophages transformed into antitumor M1-type.
Under the premise of high biosecurity and simple preparing strategy,
the versatile nanoparticle material, MC60H, is utilized for collaborative
PTT, PDT, and immunotherapy under NIR excitation without participation
of any rare-earth elements. The character of promoting ROS production
of C60 by MNP, which is a natural biomaterial, is first reported in
this paper, which provides a good demonstration of MC60H in application
of a synergistic antitumor strategy without the dependence of traditional
up-conversion material.