Upcycling of Packing-Peanuts into Carbon Microsheet Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Etacheri, Vinodkumar; Hong, Chulgi Nathan; Pol, Vilas G.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01896

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…[33] Hence, we see the composite provides much robust and high specific capacities compared to commercial graphite. This is much higher when compared to that reported for commercial graphite.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performance Of the Tailored Composite Gcsi Amentioning

confidence: 82%

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In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

Parekh

Sediako

Naseri

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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understanding of the material synthesis/ fabrication, interfacial behavior, and thermal-chemical stabilities are vital. [3] With electronic appliances requiring stable voltage delivery, the current LIBs employ graphite or mixtures with soft carbons (carbon black) to achieve stable performance at discharge curves. [4] Since 1991, various forms of ordered and disordered (i.e., soft and hard) carbon have been primarily used as anode materials. [5] With graphitic carbon, a compromise was identified, which delivered a theoretical maximum capacity of 372 mAh g −1 , while maintaining stability and cycling characteristics. This stability comes at a cost of battery capacity, as it takes six carbon atoms to bind a single lithium ion (LiC 6 ) during charging process. [6] By contrast, alternative anode materials such as silicon, can bind about four lithium atoms (SiLi 4.4 ), improving energy densities by an order of magnitude. [7] Silicon anodes have garnered huge attention as they provide over ten times more theoretical capacity (3579 mAh g −1 ) than graphite anode. Problematically, the intercalated Si, Li 3.75 Si, swells in volume by about 320% during charging. Such huge volumetric expansion causes large material stresses, resulting in anode cracking, fracturing, loss of electrical contact (delamination), unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and even catastrophic cell failure. [8][9][10][11] Naturally, this is unacceptable for practical and industrial applications. To overcome the capacity limitations of carbon, and the mechanical limitations of silicon, manufacturers have moved into composite materials-with the primary structure consisting of graphitic carbon, with silicon nanoparticles implanted within. First reported by Yoshio and co-workers in 2002, the C/Si composites did improve capacity, but the silicon nanoparticles were difficult to merge with the carbon bulk. [12,13] After repeated cycling, it was found that the particles separate and capacity drops. [14] Li et al. reported fabrication of graphite-Si composite using polymer blends of poly(diallyl dimethyl-ammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) to obtain capacity of 450 mAh g −1 with 95% capacity retention after 200 cycles. [15] Zhang et al. prepared core-shell structure (Si@C) using silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) and emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile, followed by pyrolysis. [16] The composite [15] retained A composite anode material synthesized using silicon nanoparticles, micrometer sized graphite particles, and starch-derived amorphous carbon (GCSi) offers scalability and enhanced electrochemical performance when compared to existing graphite anodes. Mechanistic elucidation of the formation steps of tailored GCSi composite are achieved with environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) and thermal safety aspects of the composite anode are studied for the first time using specially designed multimode calorimetry for coin cell studies. Electrochemical analysis of the composite anode demonstrates a high initial discharge capaci...

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Section: Electrochemical Performance Of the Tailored Composite Gcsi Amentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Etacheri et al reported capacities of 330, 250, and 70 mAh g −1 at current densities of C/10, C/5, and 1C for commercial graphite material. [33] Adv. Energy Mater.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performance Of the Tailored Composite Gcsi Amentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

Parekh

Sediako

Naseri

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…As shown in Figure a, b, SEM images of the sample reveal the presence of sheet‐like morphology with a thickness of ≈1 μm and width distribution of 5–50 μm. The carbon sheets originated from the thin walls of the expanded starch packing peanuts . A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the sheets in Figure c indicates the lack of long‐range ordering of the carbon atoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synthesis of carbon sheets by controlled pyrolysis of starch‐based packing peanuts was detailed in our previous study . Briefly, commercially available starch based packing peanuts were manually compressed inside an alumina crucible and pyrolyzed at 600 °C for 3 h inside a tube furnace with continuous argon flow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes Comprising Carbon Sheets: Stable Cycling in Half‐ and Full‐Pouch Cell Configuration

2017

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In this work, carbon sheets derived from starch packing peanuts were evaluated for their viability as sodium‐ion anodes in both half‐cell and full‐pouch cell configurations. The carbon sheets are ≈1 μm thick and 5–50 μm wide in dimensions with hard carbon structuring. The carbon sheets have a surface area of 430 m2 g−1 with 92.5 % micropores (<2 nm) and 7.5 % mesopores (2–6 nm). Moreover, the carbon sheets contain a native Na2CO3 layer on the surface that could act as stable artificial solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI). The carbon sheet anode delivers 153 mAh g−1 of reversible capacity at 50 mA g−1 and 55 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 with good cycling stability (92 % capacity retention) after 150 cycles. Post‐diagnostic analysis of the cycled carbon sheet electrode reveals that sheet‐like morphology of the carbon remains preserved after one hundred discharging–charging cycles and no excessive SEI formation is observed. The carbon sheet anodes, when paired with a NaaNi1−x−y−zMnxM1yM2zO2 cathode (M1 and M2 are transition metals) by Faradion Limited (UK), exhibit an average discharge voltage of 3.15 V. Stable cycling is demonstrated in full‐cells with 90 % capacity retention after 200 cycles and 84 % retention after 300 cycles in pouch cells. This excellent long‐term cycling stability with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.8 % is among the best reported for sodium‐ion full‐cells in the literature and is attributed to the material's stable SEI formation.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Numerous methods have been developed to create more porosityi nc arbon electrodes because ah igher surfacea rea enables easier transporto fe lectrolytic ions by shortening ion diffusion distances. For example, porosity can be generated by using sacrificialh ard-templates (e.g.,z eolites, mesoporouss ilicaa nd colloidal crystals) [6,7] and soft templates (e.g.,block copolymers), [8,9] as well as the carbonization and activation of natural waste materials [10][11][12] and high temperature chlorination of crystalline carbides. [13,14] In recent years, metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as sacrificial templates to generate nanoporous carbonm aterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Expansion of Layered Graphene Oxide Nanosheets by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Thermal Conversion into Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbons for Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2019

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Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets show good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance in electrochemical devices. However, strong van der Waals attraction between adjacent nanosheets causes GO materials to collapse, reducing the exposed surfaces and limiting electron/ion transport in porous electrodes. GO nanosheets mixed with Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2⋅2 H2O (ZnON) nanoplates create a layered composite structure. Exposing the resultant GO/ZnON to 2‐methylimidazole vapor leads to the conversion of ZnON into the zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐8. The transformation of ZnON into ZIF‐8 leads to a huge physical expansion of the interlayer space between the GO sheets. Annealing the material at high temperature caused the ZIF‐8 to be converted into highly porous nitrogen‐doped carbon, but the GO nanosheets maintained a large separation and high surface area. The morphology and porous structure of the post‐annealing carbon material was sensitive to the initial ratio of ZnON to GO. The optimized sample exhibited several favorable features, including a large surface area, high degree of graphitization, and a high amount of nitrogen doping. Using chemical vapor deposition of metal–organic frameworks to physically expand nanomaterials is a novel method to increase the surface area and porosity of materials. It enabled the synthesis of nanoporous carbon electrodes with high capacitance, good rate capability, and long cyclic stability in supercapacitor devices.

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Upcycling of Packing-Peanuts into Carbon Microsheet Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes Comprising Carbon Sheets: Stable Cycling in Half‐ and Full‐Pouch Cell Configuration

Physical Expansion of Layered Graphene Oxide Nanosheets by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Thermal Conversion into Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbons for Supercapacitor Applications

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