Updated and Revised Diabetes Family Conflict Scale

Hood, Korey K.; Butler, Deborah A.; Anderson, Barbara J.; Laffel, Lori M.

doi:10.2337/dc06-2358

Cited by 228 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The version of the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale (DFCS) adapted by Laffel and colleagues assesses the current degree of family conflict on 19 management tasks rated on a 3-point Likert scale (19). The DFCS does not specify a time frame.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Wit

Pouwer²,

Gemke³

et al. 2007

Diabetes Care

268

201

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Index (WHO-5) is a short self-report instrument that appears suitable for this purpose. This study is the first to assess the reliability and validity of the WHO-5 in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Ninety-one adolescents with type 1 diabetes (aged 13-17 years) from four pediatric clinics completed the WHO-5, along with other psychological measures: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale (DFCS), and the mental health and self-esteem subscales of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-CF87). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis were conducted. Readability, homogeneity, and item-total and inter-item correlations were determined. Concurrent validity was examined by calculating correlation coefficients among all measures. Sensitivity and specificity of the WHO-5 were tested against those for the CES-D using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.RESULTS -CFA confirmed the one-factor structure; Cronbach's ␣ of this 5-item scale was 0.82. The WHO-5 showed a moderate to strong correlation with the CES-D (r ϭ Ϫ0.67), with the mental health (r ϭ 0.60) and self-esteem (r ϭ 0.43) subscales of the CHQ-CF87, and with the DFCS (r ϭ Ϫ0.34), confirming concurrent validity. ROC curve analysis confirmed the WHO-5 cutoff point of Ͻ50 for identification of mild to severe depressive affect (sensitivity 89% and specificity 86%).CONCLUSIONS -The WHO-5 is a brief, patient-friendly measure of positive well-being with good psychometric properties that appears suitable for routine use in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:2003-2006, 2007D epression appears to be two to three times more prevalent in adolescents with diabetes compared with adolescents in the general population and adversely affects quality of life and diabetes outcomes (1-4). It is therefore recommended that screening for depression be performed routinely in this age-group, but there is no consensus on which measure to use for this purpose (1-3,5). The World Health Organization-Five WellBeing Index (WHO-5) is a short, positively worded instrument designed to assess the level of emotional well-being over a 14-day period. The screening properties of the WHO-5 have been studied in adults with and without diabetes against the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV, showing excellent sensitivity (94 -100%) and specificity (78%) (6,7). Given its brevity and focus on positive affect, the WHO-5 may be a suitable instrument to screen for low emotional well-being and depressive affect in adolescents with diabetes. Moreover, as the WHO-5 is a generic measure, it allows for comparison with healthy peers and is available in a multitude of languages. However, only one study so far used the WHO-5 in young men, but no validation data were reported (8). We therefore set out this study to investigate the reliability and validity of the WHO-5 in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Partici...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Wit

Pouwer²,

Gemke³

et al. 2007

Diabetes Care

268

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…patients as well as teens, spanning the pediatric ages of [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] years. This report describes the development of this measure, created to accompany the PAID-PR, and its psychometric properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

Youth-Perceived Burden of Type 1 Diabetes

Markowitz

Volkening

Butler

et al. 2015

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Managing pediatric diabetes can be challenging and overwhelming for youth with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers. 1,2 Despite advances in diabetes treatments and technologies, glycemic control remains suboptimal in the pediatric population.3-5 Advanced treatments and technologies can also add burden, as none are automated in their implementation, 6,7 which can lead youth to stop wearing them. Such treatment burdens have the potential to impact quality of life, which is an important factor in clinical and research realms. Because diabetes management is multifaceted and time-consuming, it is important for clinicians and researchers to be able to assess diabetes-related burden in those impacted by the disease.The Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey (PAID) 8 was first created and validated in the 1990s to measure and assess diabetesrelated burden in adults with diabetes. This original PAID has excellent psychometrics 8 and is widely used. Recently, a shorter version (PAID-5) 9 was utilized in an international study of psychosocial factors associated with diabetes. 10 In addition, 2 different applications of the PAID have been created and validated for use in the pediatric population; the PAID-Parent Revised survey (PAID-PR) 11 assesses diabetes-related burden in parents, and the PAID-Teen survey (PAID-T) 12 assesses diabetes-related burden in teens with type 1 diabetes, ages 11-19. We created a Pediatric PAID prior to the publication of the PAID-T, as a companion to the PAID-PR for use in younger pediatric AbstractBackground: Management of type 1 diabetes in childhood can be challenging and overwhelming. Despite availability of advanced treatments and new technologies, the burden has not decreased as current approaches to intensive therapy are not without need for patient involvement. This study aimed to design and validate a measure of youth-reported burden related to type 1 diabetes management. Method:A multidisciplinary pediatric diabetes team designed the survey, based on a previously validated parent measure of diabetes-related burden (PAID-PR); survey revisions and pilot testing followed. The 20-item PAID-Peds assesses burden over the past month. Youth with type 1 diabetes (N = 126, ages 8-17, intensively treated with insulin pump therapy or multiple daily injections) completed the new survey, along with other surveys; parents completed companion measures. Electronic medical records and blood glucose meter download provided other salient data. Results:The PAID-Peds displayed excellent internal consistency (α = .94) and acceptable test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation .66, P < .0001). The PAID-Peds correlated significantly with both youth and parent reports of diabetes-specific family conflict, negative affect around blood glucose monitoring, depressive symptomatology, trait anxiety, and quality of life. It was not correlated with demographic or clinical characteristics of the youth. Conclusions:This new measure, the PAID-Peds, of youth-reported burden related to type 1 diabetes may have clinical and...

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“…The 19-item Diabetes Family Conflict Scale (DFCS) 18 assesses diabetes-specific family conflict on a 3-point response scale, ranging from 1 = almost never to 3 = almost always. Previously published scoring methods for this survey result in total scores ranging from 19 to 57; however, in order to better calibrate the score to the other surveys used in this study, we normalized the total scores to a 0 to 100 scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salient Characteristics of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Initiating Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Teló

Volkening

Butler

et al. 2015

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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Objective: Consistent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use is a challenge in youth with type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate patient and family behavioral and clinical characteristics associated with interest in implementing CGM. Research Design and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we compared 120 youth interested in starting CGM (the CGM group) with a general sample of 238 youth with type 1 diabetes (the Standard group). Youth and their parents completed validated surveys assessing adherence to diabetes management, diabetes-specific family conflict, parent involvement in diabetes management, and youth quality of life. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from chart review and interview. Results: Youth participants had a mean age of 13.0 -2.8 years, diabetes duration of 6.3 -3.4 years, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8.2 -1.0% (66 -11 mmol/mol). Youth in the CGM group performed more frequent blood glucose monitoring, had lower HbA1c levels, and were more likely to be treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and to be living in two-parent homes than youth in the Standard group. Compared with the Standard group, youth interested in wearing a CGM device and their parents reported greater adherence to diabetes management, less diabetes-specific family conflict, and higher youth quality of life. No differences were found between groups with respect to parent involvement in diabetes management by both youth and parent reports. Conclusions: In efforts to enhance CGM uptake, it is important to address factors such as blood glucose monitoring frequency, CSII use, adherence, and diabetes-specific family conflict when considering youth with type 1 diabetes for CGM implementation.

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Updated and Revised Diabetes Family Conflict Scale

Cited by 228 publications

References 26 publications

Validation of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Validation of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Youth-Perceived Burden of Type 1 Diabetes

Salient Characteristics of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Initiating Continuous Glucose Monitoring

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