Youth-Perceived Burden of Type 1 Diabetes

Markowitz, Jessica T.; Volkening, Lisa K.; Butler, Deborah A.; Laffel, Lori M.

doi:10.1177/1932296815583506

Cited by 67 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Screening for anxiety has been proposed to be an adequate measure for identifying those at risk of depression (24). Diabetic distress was correlated with anxiety and family conflict (25) and supported our findings that GCRS questions of distress and decision were correlated with anxiety and highly correlated with family conflict.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Glucose Control Resistance Scale

Nikita

Hendy

Williams

et al. 2019

Jcrpe

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Objective: While past research found family conflict, disordered eating, body image concerns and anxious self-doubts may affect adolescent diabetic glucose control, available measures of adherence mainly focus on management tasks. The current study aimed to combine measures of emotional distress and beliefs with decisions concerning management in a new measure of resistance to treatment adherence: the 12-item Glucose Control Resistance Scale (GCRS). Methods: Participants included 135 adolescents and their parents from a pediatric diabetes clinic. Family conflict, body image concerns, anxious self-doubts and glucose control resistance were assessed. Results: Factor analysis identified 12 items, with loadings of ≥0.40, which were used to form the GCRS. The scale had adequate reliability and there was a significant correlation between child and parent GCRS scores. One factor, family conflict, was significantly related to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, but a set of four factors explained a total of 12% of the variance in HbA1c levels. Of the demographic variables considered (gender, number of parents at home, age, body mass index z-score), only gender was significantly associated with adolescent perceptions of family conflict. Conclusion: The GCRS may allow diabetic care teams to better understand the origin of family conflict perceptions and the motivational beliefs that modify behavior and contribute to independent self-management and glucose control. Each question was designed to be meaningful in interventions by addressing common items of resistance to adherence and impulsive management decisions. The GCRS may be used by providers as an initial short screening survey on an annual or semi-annual basis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Glucose Control Resistance Scale

Nikita

Hendy

Williams

et al. 2019

Jcrpe

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“…Screening for anxiety has been proposed to be an adequate measure for depression screening (24). Diabetic distress was correlated with anxiety and family conflict (25) and supported our findings that GCRS questions of distress and decision were correlated with anxiety and highly correlated with family conflict.…”

Section: Which Of Four Adolescent Beliefs Are Associated With Glucosesupporting

confidence: 84%

The Glucose Control Resistance Scale (GCRS)

Nikita¹,

Hendy²,

Williams³

et al. 2018

Jcrpe

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Objective: While past research found family conflict, disordered eating, body image concerns, and anxious self-doubts may affect glucose control (A1C), available measures of adherence mainly focus on management tasks. The goal of the current study was to combine emotional distress and beliefs with decisions on management in a new measure of adolescent resistance to treatment adherence: the 12-item Glucose Control Resistance Scale (GCRS). Methods: Participants included 135 adolescents and their parents from a pediatric diabetes clinic. Surveys measured family conflict, body image concerns, anxious self-doubts, and glucose control resistance. Results: Factor analysis showed 12 items with loadings of .40 or higher to form the Glucose Control Resistance Scale (GCRS). The scale had adequate reliability and there was a significant correlation between child and parent GCRS scores. One factor, family conflict, was significantly related to A1C levels, but the set of four factors explained a total of 12% of the variance in A1C levels. Of the adolescent demographic variables considered (gender, number of parents at home, age, BMIz), only gender was significantly associated with adolescent perceptions of family conflict. Conclusion: The GCRS may allow diabetic care teams to better understand the origin of family conflict perceptions and the motivational beliefs that modify behavior and contribute to independent self-management and glucose control. Each question was designed to be meaningful in interventions by addressing common items of resistance to adherence and impulsive management decisions. The GCRS may be used by providers as an initial short screening survey on an annual or semi-annual basis.

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“…175 • The WHO-5 Well-being Index  Validated in many languages, is a reliable measure of emotional functioning and screen for depression and has been used extensively in research and clinical care, 176 including the DAWN2 study (Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs 2). 177 • Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID)  A 20-item measure of diabetes-specific distress identifying emotional distress and burden associated with diabetes 178 (pediatric and teen versions 179,180 are also available).…”

Section: Standard 8 Ongoing Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

et al. 2017

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The purpose of this study is to review the literature for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) to ensure the National Standards for DSMES (Standards) align with current evidence-based practices and utilization trends. Methods The 10 Standards were divided among 20 interdisciplinary workgroup members. Members searched the current research for diabetes education and support, behavioral health, clinical, health care environment, technical, reimbursement, and business practice for the strongest evidence that guided the Standards revision. Results Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support facilitates the knowledge, skills, and ability necessary for diabetes self-care as well as activities that assist a person in implementing and sustaining the behaviors needed to manage their condition on an ongoing basis. The evidence indicates that health care providers and people affected by diabetes are embracing technology, and this is having a positive impact of DSMES access, utilization, and outcomes. Conclusion Quality DSMES continues to be a critical element of care for all people with diabetes. The DSMES services must be individualized and guided by the concerns, preferences, and needs of the person affected by diabetes. Even with the abundance of evidence supporting the benefits of DSMES, it continues to be underutilized, but as with other health care services, technology is changing the way DSMES is delivered and utilized with positive outcomes.

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Youth-Perceived Burden of Type 1 Diabetes

Cited by 67 publications

References 25 publications

The Glucose Control Resistance Scale

The Glucose Control Resistance Scale

The Glucose Control Resistance Scale (GCRS)

2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

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