Updated toolkits for nucleic acid-based biosensors

Engineering Cell Membranes: From Extraction Strategies to Emerging Biosensing Applications

“…Nucleic acid is a general term for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which is a biological macromolecular compound formed by the polymerization of many nucleotide monomers and considered one of the most basic substances of life. , Nucleic acids are commonly regarded as biomarkers for various diseases such as cancers and neurodegenerative and infectious diseases; , thus, they are of great interest in clinical applications such as diagnosing diseases, drug development, and determining disease severity. , In recent years, cell membrane coating technology has provided a novel modification strategy of nanomaterials for the development of analytical nanoprobes with multifunctionality in nucleic acid-based biomarkers, especially at the in vivo imaging level …”

Tailoring single-metal atom catalysts: a strategic defect engineering approach for electrochemical reduction reactions

“…193 To enhance reactions and bolster the detection efficiency of the developed technologies, one feasible procedure involves supporting single-atom catalysts on oxygen-defective supports. 194,195 The construction of defects on the supports can provide an attractive solution for stabilizing SACMs on the surface defects of various substrates (Fig. 26).…”

DNA nanotechnology in tumor liquid biopsy: Enrichment and determination of circulating biomarkers

“…The localization strategy is to bind the dynamic DNA reaction substrate on the static DNA structure by complementary base pairing to adjust the distance between the substrates and increase the probability of collision between them, thereby increasing the local concentration. 35 Thus, the analysis system with high sensitivity and less reaction time was explored.…”

“…To address these challenges, substrate immobilization of dynamic DNA nanotechnology emerged, among which the most common is the localization strategy that combines static DNA and dynamic DNA nanotechnologies. The localization strategy is to bind the dynamic DNA reaction substrate on the static DNA structure by complementary base pairing to adjust the distance between the substrates and increase the probability of collision between them, thereby increasing the local concentration 35 . Thus, the analysis system with high sensitivity and less reaction time was explored.…”