Updates in central nervous system malaria: literature review and considerations

Marino, Andrea; Bivona, Dalida Angela; Bonacci, Paolo Giuseppe

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000829

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, evidence suggests that malaria symptoms could progress rapidly from none to life-threatening while leading to a lifetime burden of cognitive impairments for some patients. It is thus necessary to develop a strategy that allows for the production at a low cost of reliable primary data on asymptomatic people with the capability of identifying infectious Plasmodium [ 88 ]. Additionally, the review highlighted that for each of the thematic areas discussed, there is a web of determinants that can be studied, using different perspectives including the use of a multidisciplinary lens to examine clinically relevant malaria issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Malaria Transmission Mechanisms, Control, and Modeling

Savi

2022

Medical Sciences

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In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. As a result of the interplay between many factors, the control of this disease can be challenging. However, few studies have demonstrated malaria’s complexity, control, and modeling although this perspective could lead to effective policy recommendations. This paper aims to be a didactic material providing the reader with an overview of malaria. More importantly, using a system approach lens, we intend to highlight the debated topics and the multifaceted thematic aspects of malaria transmission mechanisms, while showing the control approaches used as well as the model supporting the dynamics of malaria. As there is a large amount of information on each subject, we have attempted to provide a basic understanding of malaria that needs to be further developed. Nevertheless, this study illustrates the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach to designing next-generation malaria control policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Malaria Transmission Mechanisms, Control, and Modeling

Savi

2022

Medical Sciences

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“…Socioeconomic factors majorly infuence vulnerable populations, with children under the age of 5 in the sub-Saharan Africa region accounting for two-thirds of these deaths [51]. It is estimated that 1% of children infected with P. falciparum will develop cerebral malaria [52]. Furthermore, it is well known that HIV increases an individual's susceptibility to malaria [53] and that South Africa is among the many countries predominantly afected by the global HIV burden [54].…”

Section: Socioeconomic Factors and Vulnerable Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasitic infection is confrmed through thick blood flms, whereas species are confrmed through thin blood flms [61]. With 100% specifcity, microscopic examination remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria [52]. Further advantages of this method are that it is quick, inexpensive, and provides both quantitative (parasite density, with a threshold of 50-500 parasites per microliter (μL)) and qualitative (Plasmodium species) data, which allow for the diagnosis of the stage of malaria infection [66,67].…”

Section: Microscopic Blood Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Te presence of specifc bands in the test-card window following a short incubation period indicates whether the patient is infected with P. falciparum or one of the other species of human malaria [72]. For P. falciparum histidinerich protein 2 (PfHRP-2), this method has a detection threshold of 2.6-14.6 nanogram (ng) per millilitre (mL) [52].…”

Section: Microscopic Blood Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another drawback to RDTs is that the majority of these tests can only detect one malaria species, which is P. falciparum, P. vivax, human Plasmodium species, or a combination of species [75]. Furthermore, this method cannot diferentiate between past and present infections and is unable to quantify parasite density [52]. 4.10.…”

Section: Microscopic Blood Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Malaria Burden: A South African Perspective

Balmith,

Basson,

Brand

2024

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Malaria is a deadly disease caused by protozoan pathogens of the Plasmodium parasite. Transmission to humans occurs through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 247 million cases of malaria were recorded worldwide in 2021, with approximately 619 000 malaria deaths. The initial signs of malaria can be mild and challenging to diagnose due to the signs and symptoms being similar to those of other illnesses. The malaria burden remains largely concentrated in the WHO sub-Saharan African region and has been recognised as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. This review aims to contribute to the existing knowledge on malaria in South Africa, a region within sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the epidemiology and life cycle of the malaria parasite as well as diagnostic approaches for detecting malaria. In addition, nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for treating and preventing malaria infections will also be discussed herein. While there has been a significant reduction in the global burden of this disease, malaria remains a public health issue in South Africa. As such, the implementation of effective preventative measures and strategies, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment regimens are crucial to reducing the malaria burden in South Africa.

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An Overview of Malaria Transmission Mechanisms, Control, and Modeling

Savi¹

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. As a result of the interplay between many factors, the control of this disease can be challenging. However, few studies have demonstrated malaria's complexity, control, and modeling although this perspective could lead to effective policy recommendations. This paper aims to be a didactic material providing the reader with an overview of malaria. More importantly, using a system approach lens, we intend to highlight the debated topics and the multifaceted thematic aspects of malaria transmission mechanisms, while showing the control approaches used as well as the model supporting the dynamics of malaria. As there is a large amount of information on each subject, we have attempted to provide a basic understanding of malaria that needs to be further developed. Nevertheless, this study illustrates the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach to designing next-generation malaria control policies.

show abstract

Updates in central nervous system malaria: literature review and considerations

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

An Overview of Malaria Transmission Mechanisms, Control, and Modeling

An Overview of Malaria Transmission Mechanisms, Control, and Modeling

The Malaria Burden: A South African Perspective

An Overview of Malaria Transmission Mechanisms, Control, and Modeling

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