Updating the evidence for an association between anxiety and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Santabárbara, Javier; Lipnicki, DM; Bueno-Notivol, Juan; Olaya-Guzmán, B; Villagrasa, Beatriz; López-Antón, Raúl

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.065

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Anxiety is a risk factor for dementia [239,240], and anxiety-like behaviors are persistent in patients with dementia. Early-onset AD patients exhibit greater prevalence of all BDs, especially anxiety, irritability, and sleep disorders [241].…”

Section: Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenomics of Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Dementia

Cacabelos

2020

IJMS

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Symptomatic interventions for patients with dementia involve anti-dementia drugs to improve cognition, psychotropic drugs for the treatment of behavioral disorders (BDs), and different categories of drugs for concomitant disorders. Demented patients may take >6–10 drugs/day with the consequent risk for drug–drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs >80%) which accelerate cognitive decline. The pharmacoepigenetic machinery is integrated by pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter, and pleiotropic genes redundantly and promiscuously regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4/5 geno-phenotypes are involved in the metabolism of over 90% of drugs currently used in patients with dementia, and only 20% of the population is an extensive metabolizer for this tetragenic cluster. ADRs associated with anti-dementia drugs, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives, and antiepileptic drugs can be minimized by means of pharmacogenetic screening prior to treatment. These drugs are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of 58, 37, and 42 enzyme/protein gene products, respectively, and are transported by 40 different protein transporters. APOE is the reference gene in most pharmacogenetic studies. APOE-3 carriers are the best responders and APOE-4 carriers are the worst responders; likewise, CYP2D6-normal metabolizers are the best responders and CYP2D6-poor metabolizers are the worst responders. The incorporation of pharmacogenomic strategies for a personalized treatment in dementia is an effective option to optimize limited therapeutic resources and to reduce unwanted side-effects.

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Section: Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenomics of Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Dementia

Cacabelos

2020

IJMS

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“…Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders [4] and have been recognized as potential risk factors for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This has been demonstrated by our recent meta-analyses that found that people with an anxiety disorder have a 29% and 45% greater risk of suffering from all-cause dementia and AD, respectively [5,6]. However, the association between anxiety and vascular dementia (VaD), which accounts for 20% of age-related dementias [7], is less clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association between Anxiety and Vascular Dementia Risk: New Evidence and an Updated Meta-Analysis

Santabárbara

Lipnicki

Olaya

et al. 2020

JCM

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The association between anxiety and vascular dementia (VaD) is unclear. We aimed to reliably estimate the association between anxiety and VaD risk using meta-analysis to pool new results from a large community-based cohort (Zaragoza Dementia and Depression (ZARADEMP) study) and results from previous studies. ZARADEMP participants (n = 4057) free of dementia were followed up on for up to 12 years. Cases and subcases of anxiety were determined at baseline. A panel of four psychiatrists diagnosed incident cases of VaD by consensus. We searched for similar studies published up to October 2019 using PubMed and Web of Science. Observational studies reporting associations between anxiety and VaD risk, and adjusting at least for age, were selected. Odds ratios (ORs) from each study were combined using fixed-effects models. In the ZARADEMP study, the risk of VaD was 1.41 times higher among individuals with anxiety (95% CI: 0.75–2.68) compared with non-cases (p = 0.288). Pooling this result with results from two previous studies yielded an OR of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.07–2.53; p = 0.022). These findings indicate that anxiety is associated with an increased risk of VaD. Taking into account that anxiety is commonly observed in the elderly, treating and preventing it might reduce the prevalence and incidence of VaD. However, whether anxiety is a cause of a prodrome of VaD is still unknown, and future research is needed to clarify this.

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“…Recent findings provide innovative advancements in the literature by demonstrating data of anxiety in the younger age as a risk factor for AD in later life (Becker et al, 2018). This is supported by a recent metanalysis in which the authors recommend that anxiety is marginally associated with an increased risk of AD (Santabárbara et al, 2020).…”

Section: Co-morbidity Of Psychiatric Disorders In Neurological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Natural Compounds as Medical Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Seen in Neurological Diseases

et al. 2021

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Psychiatric disorders are frequently encountered in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases along with epilepsy, migraine, essential tremors, and stroke. The most common comorbid diagnoses in neurological diseases are depression and anxiety disorders along with cognitive impairment. Whether the underlying reason is due to common neurochemical mechanisms or loss of previous functioning level, comorbidities are often overlooked. Various treatment options are available, such as pharmacological treatments, cognitive-behavioral therapy, somatic interventions, or electroconvulsive therapy. However oral antidepressant therapy may have some disadvantages, such as interaction with other medications, low tolerability due to side effects, and low efficiency. Natural compounds of plant origin are extensively researched to find a better and safer alternative treatment. Experimental studies have shown that phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids as well as lipids have significant potential in in vitro and in vivo models of psychiatric disorders. In this review, various efficacy of natural products in in vitro and in vivo studies on neuroprotective and their roles in psychiatric disorders are examined and their neuro-therapeutic potentials are shed light.

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Updating the evidence for an association between anxiety and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

Pharmacogenomics of Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Dementia

Pharmacogenomics of Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Dementia

Association between Anxiety and Vascular Dementia Risk: New Evidence and an Updated Meta-Analysis

Natural Compounds as Medical Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Seen in Neurological Diseases

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