Upgrading ammonia-nitrogen from manure into body proteins in black soldier fly larvae

Parodi, Alejandro; Yao, Qifa; Gerrits, W.J.J.; Mishyna, Maryia; Lakemond, C.M.M.; Oonincx, D.G.A.B.; Loon, Joop J. A. van

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106343

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For example, feeding black soldier fly larvae is envisioned as a novel circular strategy to extract manure, reduce its environmental impact, and convert it into insect protein for use in animal feed. Using the stable isotope 15N NH 3 , at least 13% of pig manure NH 3 -N is incorporated into fly larval body mass, increasing NH 3 -N uptake into larval proteins, and thereby reducing NH 3 release from manure [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure under Variable Moisture Exchange between the Manure and the Environment

Bleizgys

Naujokienė

2023

Agronomy

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When reducing ammonia emissions from cowsheds, it is recommended to reduce the ventilation intensity, air temperature in the barn, manure moisture by using bedding and manure-contaminated surfaces, and to prevent urine from accumulating in the airways. Using the mass flow method in the wind tunnel, after research on seven types of cattle manure with different moisture contents, it was found that ammonia evaporates up to 3.9 times more intensively from liquid manure than from solid manure. There is a strong correlation between ammonia and water evaporation from manure. Ammonia emission from liquid manure decrease by 2.0–2.3 times, emissions from solid manure decrease by 1.9–2.1 times. Different cowsheds have different opportunities to reduce air pollution and conditions for manure to dry and crusts to form on the surface. The best results will be achieved by applying complex measures to reduce air pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure under Variable Moisture Exchange between the Manure and the Environment

Bleizgys

Naujokienė

2023

Agronomy

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“…Moreover, a previous study further demonstrated that the initial DOM in the residues mainly consisted in the form of biological metabolites, such as soluble microbial products and tryptophan; subsequently, the humic acid (region V) and fulvic acid (region III) became predominant over time, while metabolic intermediates (region IV) were gradually decreased during these periods [34]. Additionally, two studies revealed that protein analogs and soluble microbial byproducts from livestock manures could be metabolized by BSFLs and produce humic substrates [11,35]. However, these results were obtained by integrating many studies with distinct experiment conditions, which could result in incorrect conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Subsequently, several results have demonstrated that composting and/or anaerobic fermentation could effectively treat livestock manures [9,10]. However, the development and application of these technologies have been hindered by various challenges, such as lengthy implementation periods, high costs, low profit, and the production of undesirable gases, particularly NH 3 and N 2 O [11,12]. Hence, it is urgently needed to develop a more effective and ecologically acceptable method for treating animal manures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is the presence of DOM in the waste, which might serve as a precursor to carcinogenic disinfection induced by byproducts such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids [25,26]. The other, namely NH 3 emissions from animal manures during the biodegradation performed by BSFL, has been recognized as a major environmental issue, which may lead to acid rain and water eutrophication [11,27]. To enhance waste management policies, it is necessary to evaluate the variation of DOM and the rate of N depletion during waste disposal processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilizing Black Soldier Fly Larvae to Improve Bioconversion and Reduce Pollution: A Sustainable Method for Efficient Treatment of Mixed Wastes of Wet Distiller Grains and Livestock Manure

Li,

Khan,

Wei

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Widespread environmental contamination caused by huge amounts of wastes generated by human activities has become a critical global concern that requires urgent action. The black soldier fly (BSFL) has gradually been used to treat different wastes due to high efficiency and low cost. However, little information is available regarding the treatment of mixed wastes by BSFLs. The impact of BSFLs on conversion of cow manure (COM) and pig manure (PM) via the incorporation of wet distiller grains (WDG) was assessed. Results demonstrate that the waste reduction rate was increased by 20% by incorporating 45% WDG to COM and PM. The bioconversion rate of BSFLs in COM and PM also increased from 1.20 ± 0.02% and 0.92 ± 0.02% to 10.54 ± 0.06% and 10.05 ± 0.11%, respectively. Total nitrogen content and δ15N/14N ratios of WDG + COM and WDG + PM were found to be significantly lower than those of COM and PM alone (p < 0.01). The organic matter changes during manure degradation were further analyzed by combing ultraviolet–visible spectrum (UV–vis) with excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy techniques and fluorescence area integration (FRI) method. The UV–vis spectra results indicate that the addition of WDG to manures resulted in the decreased aromaticity and molecular weight of the waste. EEM spectra demonstrated that the accumulative Pi,n values of regions III and V in COM, COM + WDG, PM, and PM + WDG were 58%, 49%, 52% and 63%, respectively. These results not only provide new insights into the potential of mixed wastes for BSFL treatment but also contribute to the basis for the formulation of effective management measurements that reduce and/or reuse these wastes.

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“…Today, the black soldier fly is held in high regard for its beneficial qualities and is the only insect approved as a feed ingredient for select fish and poultry in the United States. Among their capabilities, black soldier fly larvae are well known to recycle nutrients in wastes into proteins and lipids (Julita et al 2018, Parodi et al 2022) as well as reduce associated pathogens (Awasthi et al 2020, Elhag et al 2022) and odors (Beskin et al 2018, Adjavon et al 2021). Similarly, and as previously stated, the house fly can also recycle manure into valuable biomass (Teotia and Miller 1974, Wang et al 2013) and reduce pathogens and odors (Wang et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale production of house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), larvae fed 3 manure types

Miranda

Cammack²,

Tomberlin

2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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House flies, Musca domestica, L., (Diptera: Muscidae) are well-known pests at animal facilities; however, they can be used for manure biodegradation. Utilizing house flies to process animal manure offers a means to recycle nutrients and reduce contaminants (e.g., pathogens and heavy metals), while also producing multiple revenue streams (e.g., protein for feed, fat for biodiesel, frass as a soil amendment). This study determined house fly larval performance on a larger scale (kilogram of wastes; thousands of larvae; single feeding) as a follow-up to a previous experiment performed at a bench-top scale (g of wastes; hundreds of larvae; incremental feeding). Four thousand larvae were fed 1 kg of swine, dairy, or poultry manure, or a control (Gainesville diet: 50% wheat bran, 30% alfalfa meal, and 20% corn meal). Peak larval weight occurred 4 days after inoculation and no significant difference in development time to first pupariation occurred across diets. However, percent survivorship to pupariation varied, with the highest occurring in Gainesville (74%), swine (73%), and poultry (67%) manure, whereas 50% survived when fed dairy manure. The highest pupal weight was found for those fed Gainesville (27 mg), and similar weights were found for those fed swine (21 mg), dairy (24 mg), and poultry (25 mg) manure. Although using house flies to manage manure has received little consideration in Western countries, other regions have this practice in place. Results may provide insight on differences between small- and large-scale studies, which is valuable for industrialization of this species for waste management and creating a more circular economy.

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Upgrading ammonia-nitrogen from manure into body proteins in black soldier fly larvae

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure under Variable Moisture Exchange between the Manure and the Environment

Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure under Variable Moisture Exchange between the Manure and the Environment

Utilizing Black Soldier Fly Larvae to Improve Bioconversion and Reduce Pollution: A Sustainable Method for Efficient Treatment of Mixed Wastes of Wet Distiller Grains and Livestock Manure

Large-scale production of house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), larvae fed 3 manure types

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