Upgrading of biomass by means of torrefaction

Pentananunt, Ranu; Rahman, A.N.M.Mizanur; Bhattacharya, S.C.

doi:10.1016/0360-5442(90)90109-f

Cited by 109 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…6. Except for the smoke condition, the profile was similar to results reported earlier for sawdust briquettes and torrefied wood [7] . The average burning rate was recorded at 0.43 g/min.…”

Section: Mechanical Strength Analysissupporting

confidence: 86%

Oil Palm Biomass As Potential Substitution Raw Materials For Commercial Biomass Briquettes Production

Nasrin¹,

Ma²,

Choo³

et al. 2008

American J. of Applied Sciences

120

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Palm oil industry generates vast amount of palm biomass. Converting palm biomass into a uniform and solid fuel through briquetting process appears to be an attractive solution in upgrading its properties and add value. In this study, raw materials including empty fruit bunch (EFB), in powder and fibre forms, palm kernel expeller (PKE) and sawdust were densified into briquettes at high temperature and pressure using screw extrusion technology. The briquettes were analysed to determine its physical and chemical properties, mechanical strength and burning characteristics. It was found that briquettes made either from 100% pulverized EFB or mixed with sawdust exhibited good burning properties. EFB fibre and PKE, due to their physical properties, were recommended to be blended with sawdust in producing quality briquettes. In overall, converting palm biomass into briquettes has increased its energy content and reduced moisture content about minimum of 5% and 38% respectively compared to its raw materials. The properties of palm biomass briquettes obtained from the study were compared to the commercial sawdust briquettes properties and to the minimum requirements of DIN 51731. The details of the study were highlighted in this paper. Palm biomass briquettes can become an important renewable energy fuel source in the future.

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“…6. Except for the smoke condition, the profile was similar to results reported earlier for sawdust briquettes and torrefied wood [7] . The average burning rate was recorded at 0.43 g/min.…”

Section: Mechanical Strength Analysissupporting

confidence: 86%

Oil Palm Biomass As Potential Substitution Raw Materials For Commercial Biomass Briquettes Production

Nasrin¹,

Ma²,

Choo³

et al. 2008

American J. of Applied Sciences

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The torrefaction of biomass destructs the tenacity and fibrous structure of the biomass, and also increases its energy density. Numerous studies concluded that the torrefied biomass can avoid many limitations associated with the raw biomass because it produces moisture free hydrophobic solid products (Acharjee et al, 2011), decreases O/C ratio , reduces grinding energy (Repellin et al, 2010;Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), enhances energy density (Yan et al, 2009), increases bulk density and simplifies storage and transportation (Bergman, 2005;Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), improves particle size distribution (Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), intensifies combustion with less smoke (Pentananunt et al,1990), shifts combustion zone to the high temperature zone in a gasifier (Ge et al, 2013), and increases the resistance to the biological decay (Chaouch et al, 2010). Many of these improvements make the torrefied biomass more suitable than the raw biomass for co-firing in the conventional coal power plants, with minor modifications (Clausen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Motivations For Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Nhuchhen¹,

Basu²,

Acharya³

2014

IJREB

174

143

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Biomass is a versatile energy resource that could be used as a sustainable energy resource in solid, liquid and gaseous form of energy sources. Torrefaction is an emerging thermal biomass pretreatment method that has an ability to reduce the major limitations of biomass such as heterogeneity, lower bulk density, lower energy density, hygroscopic behavior, and fibrous nature. Torrefaction, aiming to produce high quality solid biomass products, is carried out at 200-300 °C in an inert environment at an atmospheric pressure. The removal of volatiles through different decomposition reactions is the basic principle behind the torrefaction process. Torrefaction upgrades biomass quality and alters the combustion behavior, which can be efficiently used in the co-firing power plant. This paper presents a comprehensive review on torrefaction of biomass and their characteristics. Despite of the number of advantages, torrefaction is motivated mainly for thermochemical conversion process because of its ability to increase hydrophobicity, grindability and energy density of biomass. In addition to this, torrefied biomass could be used to replace coal in the metallurgical process, and promoted as an alternative of charcoal.

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“…The treatment yields a solid uniform product with lower moisture content and higher energy content compared to raw biomass. Torrefaction lowers the O/C ratio and makes it more efficient for applications, including gasification and combustion (Bourgois and Doat 1984;Bourgois and Guyonnet 1988;Pentananunt et al 1990;Pach et al 2002).…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Torrefaction Process Review and Moving Bed Torrefaction System Model Development

Tumuluru¹,

Sokhansanj²,

Wright³

2010

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Torrefaction is gaining attention as an important preprocessing step to improve the quality of biomass in terms of physical properties and chemical composition. Torrefaction is a slow heating of biomass in an inert or reduced environment to a maximum temperature of approximately 300°C. Torrefaction can also be defined as a group of products resulting from the partially controlled and isothermal pyrolysis of biomass occurring in a temperature range of 200-280ºC. Thus, the process can be called a mild pyrolysis as it occurs at the lower temperature range of the pyrolysis process. At the end of the torrefaction process, a solid uniform product with lower moisture content and higher energy content than raw biomass is produced. Most of the smoke-producing compounds and other volatiles are removed during torrefaction, which produces a final product that will have a lower mass but a higher heating value.There is a lack of literature on the design aspects of torrefaction reactor and a design sheet for estimating the dimensions of the torrefier based on capacity. This study includes (a) a detailed review of biomass torrefaction in terms of understanding the process, product properties, off-gas compositions, and methods used, and (b) a methodology for designing a moving bed torrefier, taking into account the basic fundamental heat and mass transfer calculations. Specific objectives include establishing a set of basic calculations for configuring a torrefaction system, like the diameter and height of the moving packed bed for different capacities, and the heat loads and gas flow rates of the system. Develop Excel© worksheet so a user can define design specifications. In this report, 25-1000 kg/hr are used in equations for the design of the torrefier. Examples of calculations and specifications for the torrefier are included.iv This page intentionally left blank.v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Upgrading of biomass by means of torrefaction

Cited by 109 publications

References 0 publications

Oil Palm Biomass As Potential Substitution Raw Materials For Commercial Biomass Briquettes Production

Oil Palm Biomass As Potential Substitution Raw Materials For Commercial Biomass Briquettes Production

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Biomass Torrefaction Process Review and Moving Bed Torrefaction System Model Development

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