Upgrading of fast pyrolysis condensates via esterification with higher alcohols

Schulzke, Tim; Conrad, Stefan; Kaluza, Stefan; Loo, Tom Van

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.05.010

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The total acid number after esterification decreased with a larger surface area of the natural zeolite and a smaller Si/Al ratio led to a lower acid number in the biocrude oil. It is most likely that the organic acids and carboxylates contained in the bio-crude oil were converted into esters [6][7][22][23][24]. The lowest total acid number occurred in the natural zeolite activated with 0.4 M NaOH with an Si/Al ratio of 3.91 and a zeolite surface area of 150 m 2 /g.…”

Section: Upgrading Bio-crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayah Natural Zeolites to Upgrade the Quality of Bio Crude Oil from Empty Fruit Bunch Pyrolysis

Irawan

Bindar

Kurniawan³

et al. 2021

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Currently, the fuel oil for transportation and industry is produced mostly from fossil fuels. Because fossil fuels are a limited resource, biomass could be an alternative resource. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is biomass waste from fresh fruit bunch processing in palm oil mills. EFB can be converted to bio-crude oil through pyrolysis at temperatures from 400 to 600 °C. The quality of bio-crude oil must be upgraded due to its high oxygen content. Esterification of bio-crude oil potentially improves the quality of bio-crude oil by using zeolite as catalyst. The purpose of this research was to investigate the properties of Bayah natural zeolites for upgrading the quality of bio-crude oil from EFB pyrolysis. Bayah natural zeolite was activated using various NaOH concentrations. Characterization of the natural zeolites was performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and nitrogen physisorption. The optimum ratio of Si/Al of the modified Bayah natural zeolites was 3.91. The surface area of the parent was initially 19 m2/g and increased significantly to 150 m2/g after treatment with 0.4 M NaOH solution. The application of the activated zeolites for bio-crude oil esterification successfully decreased the total acid number.

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Section: Upgrading Bio-crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the heating value will double and the kinematic viscosity will decrease. [7]. Bio-oil esterification utilizes a solid acid catalyst that can neutralize organic acids and generates better stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayah Natural Zeolites to Upgrade the Quality of Bio Crude Oil from Empty Fruit Bunch Pyrolysis

Irawan

Bindar

Kurniawan³

et al. 2021

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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show abstract

“…Therefore, a significant reduction on bio‐oil acidity might be considered. In order to overcome these drawbacks, many methods have been reported in the literature, such as emulsification (with diesel), 18 reactive distillation, 8,19 hydrotreating/hydrocracking, 20 neutralization and esterification 21‐24 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalysts used in the esterification reaction are Brönsted or Lewis acid catalysts, Lewis base catalyst or enzymes 25 . Schulzke et al 24 explored the esterification of bio‐oil with a mixture of higher alcohol (a blend of ethanol with butanol and hexanol) aiming to decrease its acidity, while Doshi et al 26 esterified bio‐oil produced from sewage sludge with ethanol and sulfuric acid to increase its properties ‐ viscosity, heating value and stability ‐ as well as to decrease its odor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ethylic and methylic esterification reactions to reduce acidity of crude bio‐oil

Ramos

Zimmermann

Beims

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Bio‐oil produced from triglycerides thermal cracking is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds and is a potentially renewable source for fuel and chemical production. The presence of carboxylic acids results in a high acid index making it difficult to refine and use it as a fossil fuel substitute. This high acidity causes corrosion and may interfere on the final applications. In this work, soybean oil was thermally cracked, and the bio‐oil was characterized and submitted to esterification reactions in order to evaluate the effect of temperature and reactants mass ratio. Before esterification, crude bio‐oil showed 8.61% of carboxylic acids in GC–MS characterization and an acid index of 133.33 mg KOH/g. The reactions were conducted for 90 min, from 50 to 65°C for methanol and from 60 to 75°C for ethanol, and the bio‐oil‐alcohol mass ratio from 10:1 to 1:1. Methylic and ethylic esterification at 1:1 mass ratio of bio oil to alcohol at 65°C and 75°C showed decrease of 97.5 and 90.4% in the acid index, reaching values of 3.35 and 12.65 mg KOH/g, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of using esterification in bio‐oil to reduce its acidity and improve its quality.

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“…zeolites, ionic exchange polymeric resins, among others) together with different alcohols (i.e. methanol, ethanol, butanol) under moderated conditions can reduce carboxylic acid contents (TAN and pH reduction), also decreasing corrosivity and reactivity concerns when using aqueous effluents derived from bio-oils 228,229 . However, traditional distillation, azeotropic water removal or reactive distillation have been used in order to increase this process efficiency, as water limits reaction equilibrium 230,231 .…”

Section: Scheme 13 Esterification Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Transformations of Oxygenated Compounds Derived From Biomass Aqueous Effluents Into High-Value Products.

Naranjo¹

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por su hospitalidad durante mi estancia en EEUU. Por compartir sus ideas y perspectivas en investigación, por incluirme como uno más en su grupo de trabajo y hacer de esos tres meses una experiencia muy enriquecedora. A todo el personal técnico del Instituto de Tecnología Química y al Servicio de Microscopía de la UPV por toda su colaboración y ayuda. A mis amigos y compañeros de grupo por todo el tiempo compartido. Chelo, gracias por ser un gran apoyo desde mi primer día en un laboratorio, hasta los últimos días de esta etapa. Marvin, gracias por tu amabilidad, tu sabiduría, tus ganas de compartir y por ser como un segundo jefe. Cristina, gracias por estar siempre dispuesta a ayudar, y por todos los momentos compartidos dentro y fuera del laboratorio. Jaime, gracias por tu ayuda y por las grandes charlas sobre ciencia/fútbol durante este tiempo. Zaher, gracias por tu apoyo. Miriam, gracias también por tu amabilidad, tu cercanía y tu ayuda con la microscopía. Susana, gracias por tu amabilidad y tu ayuda. A todos los compañeros que me han hecho sentir parte de un grupo más grande. Gracias a cada una de las personas que han compartido su tiempo conmigo durante estos últimos cuatro años, ya sea en el trabajo, haciendo deporte o aquellos, que desde la distancia siempre se han preocupado por mí y me han apoyado durante este tiempo. A Larisha, por compartir conmigo todo este tiempo, por soportarme, entenderme, animarme y en definitiva, hacerme mejor persona. Gracias por acompañarme en todos estos momentos. Se cierra una etapa, pero se abre un nuevo camino. Y a tu lado, éste siempre será mejor. A mi familia: mis padres, mis tíos, mi hermana, por el apoyo y el ánimo incondicional. Porque sin la educación y los valores recibidos durante toda mi vida, este trabajo no sería una realidad.

show abstract

Upgrading of fast pyrolysis condensates via esterification with higher alcohols

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Bayah Natural Zeolites to Upgrade the Quality of Bio Crude Oil from Empty Fruit Bunch Pyrolysis

Bayah Natural Zeolites to Upgrade the Quality of Bio Crude Oil from Empty Fruit Bunch Pyrolysis

Evaluation of ethylic and methylic esterification reactions to reduce acidity of crude bio‐oil

Catalytic Transformations of Oxygenated Compounds Derived From Biomass Aqueous Effluents Into High-Value Products.

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