Uplink Performance Enhancement Through Adaptive Multi-Association and Decoupling in UHF-mmWave Hybrid Networks

Abstract

The rapid increase of wireless applications and services coupled with the arrival of 5G and Internet of Things will not only exacerbate demand for further capacity at the downlink (DL) but also crucially at the uplink (UL). One of the most potential enablers to simultaneously optimize both links is the DL/UL decoupling (DUDe) technique which does so by exploiting the possibility of associating each user to a different base station (BS) in each link direction. Moreover, the increasing desire to incorporate millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications in future networks further enriches the possibilities to achieve higher capacities. To this end and in contrast to existing works which use dual association based on minimum path-loss (Min-PL), this paper investigates the merits of adopting capacity-based multi-association in ultra-high frequency (UHF) and mmWave hybrid networks, where mobile users may simultaneously connect to multiple UHF small cells (SCells), millimeter-wave SCells and/or UHF macro cells (MCells). It will be shown that, our joint association and resource management approach can provide higher data rates and energy efficiency than many benchmark techniques. To achieve an insight into the performance of the proposed design, the results present a comprehensive comparison based on single and multi-connectivity as well as coupled and decoupled association for a variety of important metrics.

Capacity driven small cell deployment in heterogeneous cellular networks: Outage probability and rate coverage analysis

“…In Reference , the authors analyzed the performance of HCNets by assuming nonuniform distribution of SBSs modeled with a Poisson hole process. To improve the uplink performance, the authors in Reference use decoupled association to analyze coverage probability in millimeter‐wave hybrid HCNets. In most of the literature, the analysis of HCNets is performed with uniformly distributed users using HPPP.…”

Resource allocation for energy efficiency optimization in uplink–downlink decoupled 5G heterogeneous networks

“…Simulation setup is given in Table 2; 1000, 400, 300, and 100 m are the maximum radius of HBS, LBS, relay, and D2D, respectively; 43, 33, 30, and 23 dBm are the maximum transmit power of HBS, LBS, relay, and D2D, respectively 61,62 . Minimum required rate in UL and DL is Mbps.…”

Joint DL/UL Decouple User Association in Microwave and mmWave Enabled Beyond 5G Heterogeneous Networks

“…Authors in [19] investigate DU-DPL access in a multiassociation case where the user can associate with multiple BSs. This study shows that DU-DPL access achieves several times higher EE and data rates than traditional DU-CPL access using mmWave and UHF band in HetNets.…”

“…After looking at Table. 1 and going through the past literature on the subject [11], [12], [14]- [16], [19]- [27] to the best of authors knowledge, challenges faced by beyond 5G HetNets, i.e., accommodating exponential increase in mobile users and scarce spectrum in µWave band etc has not been investigated in the past. In this work, we consider both challenges in HetNets comprising LHB and relay operating in µWave band and SLB and D2D operating in mmWave band.…”

“…TO to SLB Heuristic user association algorithm [13] UAM, RBM ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ user-to-BS association algorithms [14] UA, EE ✓ ✓ ✓ TO to SLB Lagrangian dual decomposition method [15] UA, TM ✓ ✓ ✓ TO to SLB Two stage QoS greedy pair algorithm [16] UA, TM, EE ✓ ✓ TO to SLB Heuristic algorithm [17] UA, EE ✓ ✓ Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm [18] UA, EE ✓ ✓ ✓ User-centric scheme [19] UA, TM, EE ✓ ✓ ✓ TO to SLB TO to SLB Capacity-based cell association schemes [20] UA, EE ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ TO to SLB TO to SLB Generalized assignment problem heuristic [21] UA, SE ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ TO to SLB TO to SLB Stochastic geometry [22] UA, TM ✓ ✓ TO to SLB TO to SLB Decoupled generalized user association scheme [23] UA, TM ✓ ✓ TO to SLB TO to SLB Swap matching algorithm [24] TM ✓ ✓ TO to SLB TO to SLB Data aided MMSE scheme [25] UA, TM ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ TO to SLB, relay, D2D…”